The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ad hoc categories
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“If a prediction (i.e. the embodied concept) matches the incoming sensory information and the prediction error is minimized, similar features from the past are pieced together to give meaning to the present: constructing a situated or ad hoc category (Fig. 4).50,51,110,138,139”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [138]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Zadeh, L. A. (1965) · Information and Control · doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x · Cited by 67,855
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.82.6.407 · Cited by 8,141
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
Myers, J. L., & Winer, B. J. (1964) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419292 · Cited by 8,111
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,532
Tversky, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.4.327 · Cited by 7,414
Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories
Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. B. (1975) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(75)90024-9 · Cited by 5,933
Basic objects in natural categories
Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(76)90013-x · Cited by 5,643
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation
(2021) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(21)x0002-3 · Cited by 5,082
Cognitive representations of semantic categories.
Rosch, E. H. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.192 · Cited by 4,993
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Barsawu, L. W. Determinants of graded structure in categories. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1981.
- Horton, M. Category familiarity and taxonomic organization in young children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1982.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,002
Brinck, I. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8788-4_2 · Cited by 9
Does analogical transfer involve a term-to-term alignment?
Ripoll, T., Brude, T., & Coulon, D. (2003) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03194381 · Cited by 9
Language is Grounded in Action
Glenberg, A. M., & Kaschak, M. P. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264339.003.0002 · Cited by 9
Poetic comparisons. How similes are understood.
Gargani, A. (2014) · University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford) · Cited by 9
Influencing Probability Judgments by Manipulating the Accessibility of Sample Spaces
Hanita, M., Gavanski, I., & Fázio, R. H. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167297238002 · Cited by 9
CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND SHONA: A CROSS- LINGUISTIC AND CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
Machakanja, I. (2009) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 9
The representational geometry of cognitive maps under cognitive controlPreprint
Park, S. A., Zolfaghar, M., Russin, J., Miller, D. S., O’Reilly, R. C., & Boorman, E. D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.04.527142 · Cited by 11
The Life and Death of a Metaphor, or the Metaphysics of Metaphor
Stern, J. (2007) · The Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition Logic and Communication · doi:10.4148/biyclc.v3i0.16 · Cited by 8
De la catégorisation subjective : procédés et pratiques linguistiques
Capin, D., Benninger, C., & Vladimirska, E. (2020) · Langue française · doi:10.3917/lf.207.0007 · Cited by 8
A cognitive approach to the expected value of work integration social enterprises
Boulongne, R. (2022) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1436 · Cited by 8
Paralanguage and ad hoc concepts
Cruz, M. P. (2022) · Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) · doi:10.1075/prag.21059.pad · Cited by 8
Embodied Provenance for Immersive Sensemaking
Zhang, Y., Ens, B. M., Satriadi, K. A., Yang, Y., & Goodwin, S. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3626471 · Cited by 9
Part-set cuing in option generation
Missier, F. D., & Terpini, C. (2009) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.37.3.265 · Cited by 8
Shapiro, R. B., & Tissenbaum, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.021 · Cited by 9
An expert system for dynamic re-coordination of distributed workflows
Kuechler, W., & Vaishnavi, V. K. (2006) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2006.09.014 · Cited by 8
Won, E. J. S. (2012) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2012.06.001 · Cited by 8
From Linguistic Contextualism to Situated Cognition: the Case ofAd HocConcepts
Dokic, J. (2006) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515080600690102 · Cited by 8
Zibetti, E., Chevalier, A., & Eyraud, R. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.005 · Cited by 8
Reasoning based on categorisation for interpreting and acting: a first approach
Zibetti, E., Quera, V., Tijus, C., & Beltran, F. S. (2001) · Mind & Society · doi:10.1007/bf02512361 · Cited by 8
Groom, C. J., Sherman, J. W., Lu, L. H., Conrey, F. R., & Keijzer, B. S. C. (2005) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2005.23.4.291 · Cited by 8
Hahn, U., & Ramscar, M. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506287.003.0013 · Cited by 8
Dopamine dependence in aggregate feedback learning: A computational cognitive neuroscience approach
Valentin, V. V., Maddox, W. T., & Ashby, F. G. (2016) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2016.06.002 · Cited by 8
Ad hoc categorization in Russian and multifunctional general extenders
Benigni, V. (2018) · Folia Linguistica · doi:10.1515/flih-2018-0003 · Cited by 8
Vance, J. R. H., & Oaksford, M. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000954 · Cited by 8
Mutual Constitution of Culture and the Mind
Kitayama, S., & Yu, Q. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.006 · Cited by 9
The Role of Literal Features During Processing of Novel Verbal Metaphors
Ronderos, C. R., Guerra, E., & Knoeferle, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.556624 · Cited by 8
Haden, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.007 · Cited by 10
Taboo: Working memory and mental control in an interactive task
Hansen, W. A., & Goldinger, S. D. (2009) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/27784403 · Cited by 8
Toward a descriptive cognitive model of human learning
Matsuka, T., Sakamoto, Y., Chouchourelou, A., & Nickerson, J. V. (2008) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2007.12.039 · Cited by 8
The Role of Context in the Categorization of Hybrid Toy Stimuli by 18‐Month‐Olds
Mareschal, D., & Tan, S. H. (2008) · Infancy · doi:10.1080/15250000802458658 · Cited by 8
Categories, Propositional Representations, and Schemas: Test of a Structural Hypothesis
Nakamura, G. V., Kleiber, B. A., & Kim, K. (1992) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422912 · Cited by 8
Mind in Action : Action Representation and the Perception of Biological Motion
Hemeren, P. (2008) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 8
Ad hoc categorization and languaging: the online construction of categories in discourse
Mauri, C., & Sansò, A. (2020) · Language Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2020.101312 · Cited by 8
Computing Education Research Today
Fincher, S. A., Tenenberg, J., Dorn, B., Hundhausen, C., McCartney, R., & Murphy, L. (2019) · The Cambridge Handbook of Computing Education Research · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.003 · Cited by 7
Study on Cascading Failure and Elasticity of UAV Swarm Communication Network
Feng, B., Zhou, L., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Mathematical Problems in Engineering · doi:10.1155/2022/6166849 · Cited by 7
Suppression of literal meaning in single and extended metaphors
Ronderos, C. R., & Falkum, I. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135129 · Cited by 7
Institutional reforms and entrepreneurial growth ambitions
Darnihamedani, P., Block, J., & Jansen, J. J. P. (2024) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/02662426241240102 · Cited by 7
Rissman, L., & Lupyan, G. (2024) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2024.2350526 · Cited by 7
Approche ontologique et navigation dans un EIAH. Le cas de l’enseignement des statistiques
Sander, E., Meunier, J.-M., & Bosc-Miné, C. (2004) · Sciences et Technologies de l Information et de la Communication pour l Éducation et la Formation · doi:10.3406/stice.2004.898 · Cited by 7
Campbell, R. L. (2018) · The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies · doi:10.5325/jaynrandstud.18.1.0118 · Cited by 7
Student Knowledge and Misconceptions
Lewis, C. M., Clancy, M. J., & Vahrenhold, J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.028 · Cited by 7
Wider die Klammerparadoxie: Kombinatorische Illusionen beim Adjektivbezug auf NN-Komposita
Maienborn, C. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft · doi:10.1515/zfs-2020-2009 · Cited by 7
Taxonomic structure in a set of abstract concepts
Persichetti, A. S., Shao, J., Denning, J. M., Gotts, S. J., & Martin, A. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1278744 · Cited by 11
Kirsh, D. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Contextual multi-dimensional browsing
Wu, L., Chuang, Y.-L., & Joung, Y.-J. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.04.012 · Cited by 7
Jung, W., & Hummel, J. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00110 · Cited by 7
Using Ideal Observers in Higher-order Human Category Learning
Holyoak, K. J., Hummel, J. E., & Kittur, A. (2006) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Linguistic Readymades and Creative Reuse
Veale, T. (2013) · Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science · doi:10.3233/jid-2013-0012 · Cited by 7
Building a Better World with our Information: The Future of Personal Information Management, Part 3
Jones, W. (2015) · Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services · doi:10.2200/s00653ed1v01y201506icr042 · Cited by 8
Food experiences and categorization in Japanese talk-in-interaction
Koike, C. (2013) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.238.07koi · Cited by 7
Spalek, K., & Zeldes, A. (2015) · Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/langcog.2015.12 · Cited by 7
Shephard, K. L. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.011 · Cited by 8
How visual form affects metaphoric conceptualization
van Weelden, L., Maes, A., & Schilperoord, J. (2018) · Converging evidence in language and communication research · doi:10.1075/celcr.18.06van · Cited by 7
Jakubanecs, A., Supphellen, M., Fedorikhin, A., Haugen, H. M., & Sivertstøl, N. (2019) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/1470785319838419 · Cited by 7
Inbar, A. (2020) · Studies in language companion series · doi:10.1075/slcs.210.18inb · Cited by 7
Lin, H., Kuhlen, A. K., & Rahman, R. A. (2021) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2021.1900580 · Cited by 7
Müller, R., Kessler, F., Humphrey, D. W., & Rahm, J. (2021) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi13060156 · Cited by 8
Analogy as an Organizational Principle in the Construction of Large Knowledge-Bases
Veale, T., & Li, G. (2014) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54516-0_4 · Cited by 7
Historical and contemporary issues
Bowman, S. W. (2014) · Praeger eBooks · Cited by 7
The Use of Portraits and Performance Statements of Service Providers in Marketing Communications
Choi, B., Rosen, D. L., & La, S. (2012) · Services Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15332969.2012.633413 · Cited by 7
Chrysikou, E. G. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9297-4_14 · Cited by 7
Defining Functional Features for Spatial Language
Carlson, L. A., & Covell, E. R. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264339.003.0012 · Cited by 7
Gibbs, R. W. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511805844.006 · Cited by 7
Neurodiversity as a Conceptual Lens and Topic of Cross-Cultural Study
Cascio, M. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.027 · Cited by 7
Categorical structure in early semantic networks of nouns
Hills, T. T., Maouene, M., Maouene, J., Sheya, A., & Smith, L. B. (2008) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
A CASE FOR CUSTOMER BASED BRAND EQUITY CONCEPTUALIZATION WITHIN MOTIVATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Ponnam, A. (2011) · Academy of Marketing Studies journal · Cited by 7
Word fluency performance on common categories by subjects with closed head injuries
Lohman, T., Ziggas, D., & Pierce, R. S. (1989) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687038908249036 · Cited by 7
Second-generation AI theories of learning
Kirsh, D. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00051669 · Cited by 7
Reliability of retrieving information from knowledge structures in memory: Scripts
Bellezza, F. S. (1988) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03334846 · Cited by 7
Typically gradient in well-defined artificial categories
Vandierendonck, A. (1988) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(88)90030-3 · Cited by 7
The effects of prior knowledge on incidental category learning.
Clapper, J. P. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0028457 · Cited by 7
Action and hierarchical levels of categories: A connectionist perspective
Borghi, A. M., Parisi, D., & Ferdinando, A. D. (2004) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2004.06.003 · Cited by 7
Introduction: similarity and categorization
(2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506287.003.0001 · Cited by 7
Goals Affect the Perceived Quality of Explanations.
Vasilyeva, N. Y., Wilkenfeld, D. A., & Lombrozo, T. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Being Near the Ceramic, but not Near the Mug: On the Role of Construal in Spatial Language
Prasada, S. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264339.003.0014 · Cited by 7
Thematic Integration in the Similarity of Abstract and Concrete Items
Wiemer-Hastings, K., & Xu, X. (2003) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Categorization and Rule Induction in Clinical Diagnosis and Assessment
Mumma, G. H. (1993) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60143-7 · Cited by 7
Barsalou, L. W. (2007) · Cited by 7
Self-citationA computational model of tower of hanoi problem solving
McNamara, T. P., & Varma, S. (2006) · Cited by 7
Zibetti, E., Quera, V., Beltran, F. S., & Tijus, C. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-44607-9_30 · Cited by 7
Categorization and Similarity Models
Kruschke, J. K. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00622-7 · Cited by 7
A knowledge acquisition tool for multi-perspective concept formation
Vasco, J. J. F., Faucher, C., & Chouraqui, E. (1996) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-61273-4_15 · Cited by 7
Music and choice : adaptive systems and multimodal interaction
Pauws, S. S. (2000) · TU/e Research Portal · doi:10.6100/ir528621 · Cited by 7
Are category membership decisions based on concept gradedness?
Vandierendonck, A. (1991) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541449108406233 · Cited by 7
Murphy, M. L. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511486494.005 · Cited by 7
Redefining linguistic categories through network theory
Muñoz, N. H., Cornejo, C. T., & López, M. (2025) · Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/langcog.2025.10 · Cited by 6
AI and actor-specific decisions
Felin, T., Sako, M., & Hullman, J. (2026) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-03202-7 · Cited by 6
Translating explicatures between Arabic and English
Jarrah, M. A., & Al-Jarrah, R. S. (2023) · Babel Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation / Revista Internacional de Traducción · doi:10.1075/babel.00319.alj · Cited by 6
Embedding emotion concepts in cognitive maps
Ma, Y., Vafaie, N., & Kragel, P. A. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106089 · Cited by 7
The Measure of Perceived Similarity Between Faces: Old Issues for a New Method
Lorusso, L., Pulina, L., & Grosso, E. (2015) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-014-0229-9 · Cited by 6
Lange, F. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.28 · Cited by 6
Contrast Effects in Typicality Judgements: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach
Voorspoels, W., Storms, G., & Vanpaemel, W. (2012) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.662237 · Cited by 6
Seo, B.-G., & Park, D.-H. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12083321 · Cited by 6
Kirmayer, L. J., Gómez-Carrillo, A., Langlois‐Thérien, T., Ramstead, M. J. D., & Gold, I. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108695374.012 · Cited by 6
Developing and testing a typology of brand benefit differentiation
Hem, A. F., & Supphellen, M. (2021) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-06-2019-2412 · Cited by 6
The Camel Humps prosodic pattern
Matalon, N. (2021) · Studies in language companion series · doi:10.1075/slcs.220.06mat · Cited by 6
A context-sensitive and non-linguistic approach to abstract concepts
Langland‐Hassan, P., & Davis, C. P. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0355 · Cited by 6
Falcinelli, I., Fini, C., Mazzuca, C., Alessandri, G., Alivernini, F., Baiocco, R., Chirico, A., Filosa, L., Palombi, T., Pistella, J., et al. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100531 · Cited by 7
Long life to emotions: Emotional response categorisation across the lifespan
Castelli, L., & Lanza, F. (2011) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.561551 · Cited by 6
Knutsson, E. (2011) · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Barsalou, L. W.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barsalou, Lawrence W.
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1983-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-227
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2037838725
- Semantic Scholar
- f376765c81c99074db4ac8ddceb8b18c6d649a24
- Cited by
- 1,879
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 79
- FWCI
- 19.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Emory University
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- Keywords
- ad hoc categories, category formation, similarity analysis
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review