Single-trace fragility theory of memory dynamics
Open accessAbstract
In single-trace fragility theory, forgetting is produced by two factors, time and interference. Memory traces are assumed to have two partially coupled dynamic properties, strength and fragility. Strength determines the probability of correct recall and recognition, while fragility determines the susceptibility of the trace to the time-decay process but not to the interference process. Consolidation is assumed to be a continual reduction in the fragility of the memory trace rather than any change in strength or availability. Decreasing fragility accounts for the continually decreasing forgetting rate, the temporal character of retrograde amnesia and recovery therefrom, and the type of internal clock necessary for nonassociative recency judgments. Data are presented to indicate that interference is independent of the interval between original and interpolated learning, that nonassociative recency discriminability approaches a limit at about 30 min, and that the decay rate of long-term retention in amnesic patients is the same as in normal Ss.
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- Authors
- Wickelgren, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wickelgren, Wayne A.
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1974-07
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 775-780
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W1976895497
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- memory dynamics, forgetting, memory trace strength, time decay, interference, memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia, internal clock, long-term retention, recognition memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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