Genuine power curves in forgetting: A quantitative analysis of individual subject forgetting functions
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Wixted and Ebbesen (1991) showed that forgetting functions produced by a variety of procedures are often well described by the power function, at-b, where a and b are free parameters. However, all of their analyses were based on data arithmetically averaged over subjects. R. B. Anderson and Tweney (1997) argue that the power law of forgetting may be an artifact of arithmetically averaging individual subject forgetting functions that are truly exponential in form and that geometric averaging would avoid this potential problem. We agree that researchers should always be cognizant of the possibility of averaging artifacts, but we also show that our conclusions about the form of forgetting remain unchanged (and goodness-of-fit statistics are scarcely affected by) whether arithmetic or geometric averaging is used. In addition, an analysis of individual subject forgetting functions shows that they, too, are described much better by a power function than by an exponential.
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Forgetting curves are better described by a power function than by an exponential function, regardless of whether arithmetic or geometric averaging is used.
“However, in 1997, Wixted et al. [89] conducted a series of experiments showing that forgetting curves are better described by a power function than by an exponential function, regardless of whether arithmetic or geometric averaging is used.”
From Human-inspired Perspectives: A Survey on AI Long-term Memory (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The forgetting process of human memory can be modeled by various types of functions, such as the exponential function and the power function.
“Moreover, as mentioned in Sec. 3.2.3, the forgetting process of human memory can be modeled by various types of functions, such as the exponential function [106] and the power function [89].”
From Human-inspired Perspectives: A Survey on AI Long-term Memory (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Wixted, J. T., & Ebbesen, E. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wixted, John T.
- ORCID
- Wixted, John T.
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 731-739
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2084883066
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- forgetting function, power function, exponential decay, individual differences, arithmetic averaging, geometric averaging, goodness of fit, memory decay
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Individuality, Models, Theoretical, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Artifacts
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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