Cross-modal links in exogenous covert spatial orienting between touch, audition, and vision
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Three experiments investigated cross-modal links between touch, audition, and vision in the control of covert exogenous orienting. In the first two experiments, participants made speeded discrimination responses (continuous vs. pulsed) for tactile targets presented randomly to the index finger of either hand. Targets were preceded at a variable stimulus onset asynchrony (150, 200, or 300 msec) by a spatially uninformative cue that was either auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2) on the same or opposite side as the tactile target. Tactile discriminations were more rapid and accurate when cue and target occurred on the same side, revealing cross-modal covert orienting. In Experiment 3, spatially uninformative tactile cues were presented prior to randomly intermingled auditory and visual targets requiring an elevation discrimination response (up vs. down). Responses were significantly faster for targets in both modalities when presented ipsilateral to the tactile cue. These findings demonstrate that the peripheral presentation of spatially uninformative auditory and visual cues produces cross-modal orienting that affects touch, and that tactile cues can also produce cross-modal covert orienting that affects audition and vision.
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The crossmodal congruency task revealed larger CCE for visual distractors close to versus far from the stimulated hand.
“This method revealed larger CCE for visual distractors close to (vs.far from) the stimulated hand”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Spence et al., 1998
The General Discussion reports an advantage for targets ipsilateral to cross-modal cues, not a crossmodal congruency effect. A search for visual distractors near versus far from the stimulated hand found no passage addressing that comparison (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Spence, C., Pavani, F., & Driver, J. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.26.4.1298 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationKennett, S., Eimer, M., Spence, C. J., & Driver, J. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290152001899 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodal information presentation: Design guidance and research challenges
Sarter, N. B. (2006) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2006.01.007 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The representation of space near the body through touch and vision
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Spence, C. J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05440.x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Shape Encoding in Primate Dorsal and Ventral Visual Pathways
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Self-citationMultisensory Processing in Sensory-Specific Cortical Areas
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Multisensory temporal order judgments: When two locations are better than one
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Self-citationThe cognitive and neural correlates of “tactile consciousness”: A multisensory perspective
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Self-citationNeural Substrates of Perceptual Enhancement by Cross-Modal Spatial Attention
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Spence, C. J., Lloyd, D. M., McGlone, F. P., Nicholls, M. E. R., & Driver, J. (2000) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210000442 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationHaptic Interaction Design for Everyday Interfaces
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Modality-specific selective attention attenuates multisensory integration
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Tactile warning signals for in-vehicle systems
Meng, F., & Spence, C. J. (2015) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.013 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationHearing cheats touch, but less in congenitally blind than in sighted individuals
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Orienting Attention to Points in Time Improves Stimulus Processing Both within and across Modalities
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Auditory and auditory-tactile processing in congenitally blind humans
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Multisensory attention and tactile information-processing
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Self-citationKennett, S., Spence, C. J., & Driver, J. (2002) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194758 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationEimer, M. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00118-x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Spence, C., Ranson, J., & Driver, J. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03205560 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual enhancement of touch in spatial body representation
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Orienting of spatial attention and the interplay between the senses
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Audiotactile temporal order judgments
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Self-citationCapturing spatial attention with multisensory cues
Santangelo, V., Ho, C., & Spence, C. J. (2008) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.15.2.398 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationAudiotactile interactions in near and far space
Kitagawa, N., Zampini, M., & Spence, C. J. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2393-8 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationHearing by Eye: How Much Spatial Degradation can Be Tolerated?
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Recent developments in the study of tactile attention.
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Self-citationCapturing spatial attention with multisensory cues: A review
Spence, C. J., & Santangelo, V. (2009) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.015 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationOn asymmetries in cross-modal spatial attention orienting
Ward, L. M., McDonald, J. J., & Lin, D. (2000) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212127 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effectiveness of directional vibrotactile cuing on a building-clearing task
Lindeman, R. W., Sibert, J. L., Mendez-Mendez, E., Patil, S., & Phifer, D. (2005) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1054972.1055010 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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Multisensory warning signals: when spatial correspondence matters
Ho, C., Santangelo, V., & Spence, C. (2009) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1778-5 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationGobbelé, R., Schürmann, M., Forss, N., Juottonen, K., Büchner, H., & Hari, R. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00312-4 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Determinants and mechanisms of attentional modulation of neural processing.
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The Peripersonal Space in a social world
Bogdanova, O. V., Bogdanov, V. B., Dureux, A., Farnè, A., & Hadj-Bouziane, F. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“This method revealed larger CCE for visual distractors close to (vs. far from) the stimulated hand (Spence et al., 1998, 2004).”
MethodAuditory–somatosensory multisensory interactions in front and rear space
Zampini, M., Torresan, D., Spence, C. J., & Murray, M. M. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationRepresentation of Visuotactile Space in the Split Brain
Spence, C. J., Kingstone, A. F., Shore, D. I., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00316 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationMacaluso, E., Frith, C., & Driver, J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00678-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationSound enhances touch perception
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Pain Draws Visual Attention to Its Location: Experimental Evidence for a Threat-Related Bias
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The function of primate multimodal communication
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Cross-Modal Links Among Vision, Audition, and Touch in Complex Environments
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A crossmodal attentional blink between vision and touch
Soto‐Faraco, S., Spence, C. J., Fairbank, K., Kingstone, A. F., Hillstrom, A. P., & Shapiro, K. L. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196328 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBinding of movement, sound and touch: multimodal coordination dynamics
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Do It Yourself Haptics: Part II [Tutorial]
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The spatial constraint in intersensory pairing: No role in temporal ventriloquism.
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Poke and pop: Tactile–visual synchrony increases visual saliency
der Burg, E. V., Olivers, C. N. L., Bronkhorst, A. W., & Theeuwes, J. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.002 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Dynamic and predictive links between touch and vision
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Audiotactile multisensory interactions in human information processing
Kitagawa, N., & Spence, C. J. (2006) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5884.2006.00317.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationCross-modal illusory conjunctions between vision and touch.
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Crossmodal links between audition and touch in covert endogenous spatial attention
Lloyd, D. M., Merat, N., McGlone, F. P., & Spence, C. J. (2003) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194823 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationMultisensory interactions in the depth plane in front and rear space: A review
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Self-citation2. Multimodal information presentation in support of human-automation communication and coordination
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Somatosensory Cross-Modal Reorganization in Adults With Age-Related, Early-Stage Hearing Loss
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Crossmodal Attentional Capture: A Controversy Resolved?
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Self-citationBody perception, awareness, and illusions
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Spatial orienting in complex audiovisual environments
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Temporal discrimination of cross-modal and unimodal stimuli in generalized dystonia
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Peripersonal space : a multisensory interface for body-objects interactions
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Effects of Vestibular Rotatory Accelerations on Covert Attentional Orienting in Vision and Touch
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Illusory touch and tactile perception in somatoform dissociators
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On the inability to ignore touch when responding to vision in the crossmodal congruency task
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Overheard Cell-Phone Conversations
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Attentional limitations in processing sequentially presented vibrotactile targets
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Visually Induced Inhibition of Return Affects the Integration of Auditory and Visual Information
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- Authors
- Spence, C., Nicholls, M. E. R., Gillespie, N., & Driver, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Spence, Charles
- Driver, Jon
- Venue
- Perception & Psychophysics
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 544-557
- ISSN
- 0031-5117 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5962
- OpenAlex
- W2025705248
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 14.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Perception & Psychophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- cross-modal correspondence, covert orienting, tactile cues, auditory cues, visual cues, stimulus onset asynchrony, tactile discrimination, multisensory integration
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Auditory Perception, Female, Humans, Male, Space Perception, Touch, Visual Perception
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