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Neural correlates of rumination in depression
Open accessAbstract
Rumination, or recursive self-focused thinking, has important implications for understanding the development and maintenance of depressive episodes. Rumination is associated with the worsening of negative mood states, greater affective responding to negative material, and increased access to negative memories. The present study was designed to use fMRI to examine neural aspects of rumination in depressed and healthy control individuals. We used a rumination induction task to assess differences in patterns of neural activation during ruminative self-focus as compared with a concrete distraction condition and with a novel abstract distraction condition in 14 participants who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 14 healthy control participants. Depressed participants exhibited increased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as compared with healthy controls during rumination versus concrete distraction. Neural activity during rumination versus abstract distraction was greater for depressed than for control participants in the amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus. These findings indicate that ruminative self-focus is associated with enhanced recruitment of limbic and medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions in depression. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
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“One of the most frequently reported neuroimaging findings in MDD is abnormally increased connectivity and heightened activation of the amygdala 99-101 .”
From Major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [100]
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“Similarly, task-based studies examining trait levels of worry or depressive rumination (e.g., Paulus and Stein, 2010; Hamilton et al., 2011) or instructions to worry or ruminate (e.g., Cooney et al., 2010; Paulus and Stein, 2010; Ottaviani et al., 2016) demonstrate neural activations in nodes of the DN.”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Cooney et al., 2010
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“Moreover, decreased frontoparietal connectivity has been found both at rest and in response to negative stimuli, but not in response to positive stimuli, suggesting that this network may contribute to inappropriate cognitive appraisals of negative events more specifically 100,105 .”
From Major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [100]
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“…found that neural activity during rumination (vs. abstract distraction) was greater for depressed than for control participants in the amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus (Cooney et al., 2010).”
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“Understanding rumination as a result of maladaptive ER (Joormann & Gotlib, 2010), an approach to treat rumination directly might work by increasing adaptive ER, incorporating cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based techniques.”
BackgroundKremer, H., Lutz, F. P. C., McIntosh, R. C., Dévieux, J. G., & Ironson, G. H. (2015) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/1550059414563306 · Cited by 11
“BDI total scores of >9 indicate presence of depressive symptoms, ranging from mild (10-18), moderate (19-29), to severe (30-63).”
BackgroundGuinjoan, S. M., Bär, K., & Camprodon, J. A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.026 · Cited by 10
How Daily Mindfulness Predicts Life Satisfaction: From the Perspective of Mindfulness Coping Model
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“Another thing to be noted is that rumination would make individuals focus on painful experiences and terrible things repeatedly, which is considered to be a catalyst for negative events, leading to adverse psychological states (Cooney et al., 2010; McMahon & Naragon-Gainey, 2018).”
BackgroundNorepinephrine May Oppose Other Neuromodulators to Impact Alzheimer’s Disease
Fitzgerald, P. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22147364 · Cited by 11
“For example, these neuromodulators may be affected by depressive rumination (recursive selffocused thinking), which is associated with recruitment of limbic, medial, and dorsolateral prefrontal regions including the default mode network [80,81].”
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“For instance, a consistent predictor of depression is rumination or thinking about past adverse events (Cooney et al., 2010), which is also associated with greater feelings of regret (Monroe et al., 2005; Roese et al., 2009).”
BackgroundShared and distinctive brain networks underlying trait and state rumination
Wei, L., Dong, H., Ding, F., Luo, C., Wang, C., Baeken, C., & Wu, G. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115144 · Cited by 9
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“…cortex (PFC) in worry and rumination likely reflects increased self-relevant and autobio-graphical processing that is characteristic of RNT (Andrews-Hanna et al., 2014; Buckner & Carroll, 2007; Cooney et al., 2010; Nejad et al., 2013; Paulesu et al., 2010; Servaas et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2020).”
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“…title/abstract and full-text screening, 46 studies were identified for inclusion. r 26 studies were selected for depression (Becker et al., 2014; Cooney et al., 2010; Doerig et al., 2016; Fan et al., 2023; Grimm et al., 2011, 2009; Hao et al., 2015; Jones et al., 2017; Kessler et al., 2011;…”
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“Lastly, the Rumination and Worry Induction Task (based on [58, 59, 133–135]) is employed to investigate brain activation and connectivity elicited by Rumination and Worry, respectively.”
BackgroundMethodThe Neurobiological Basis of the Distress Thermometer: A PET Study in Cancer Patients
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“…increased left DLPFC activation during state rumination in the SART, relative to task-focused thoughts, which is consistent with previous evidence that induced rumination is associated with enhanced engagement of left DLPFC in depression (Cooney et al., 2010; Vanderhasselt et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultHow mood shapes belief updating bias in depression
Bottemanne, H., Frileux, S., Sévoz‐Couche, C., Pelloux, Y., Colle, R., & Corruble, E. (2025) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-025-01297-x · Cited by 8
“Together, these brain regions form a network essential for the valuation of signals and the updating of predictions based on ongoing environmental feedback (Cooney et al., 2010).”
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“In addition, the activity of the subgenual prefrontal cortex, known as a brain region related to self-rumination, also decreased only when walking in a natural environment, but did not change when walking in an urban environment [50].”
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“Due to the disruption of network relationships, patients always showed some degree of medial prefrontal-medial parietal default mode network (DMN) dysfunction (58).”
BackgroundSelf-Regulation Through Rumination: Consequences and Mechanisms
Koster, E. H. W., Fang, L., & Marchetti, I. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1236-0_24 · Cited by 6
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“The correlation between response time following rewarded switches at baseline and avoidance/ rumination subscale score at the end of Engage treatment, although rather high, did not reach significance (r(18) = −0.”
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“contributory factor in the development and maintenance of clinical depression [17, 18].”
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“Ruminating is a risk factor for depression and other psychological illnesses.(14,35) The body responds in several ways when struggling with mental health.”
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“…with increased self-referential thinking (e.g., amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus) (Berman et al., 2011; Cooney et al., 2010; Hamilton et al., 2011, 2015; Jacob et al., 2020; Jones et al., 2017; Mandell et al., 2014; Murphy et al., 2016; Nejad et al.,…”
Towards a neuroimaging biomarker of depression vulnerability
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“Supporting this account, a recent study observed that MDD patients demonstrated increased DLPFC activity during a rumination task relative to healthy controls [69].”
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“…cortex (sgACC) during rest in ruminators (Bratman et al., 2015; Hamilton et al., 2015) as well as during rumination induction in depressives (Cooney et al., 2010) has been related to the maladaptive pattern of aggravated self-referential processes typically observable in ruminators…”
BackgroundResting State Networks Mediate the Effect of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Mental Health
Knyazev, G. G., Savostyanov, A. N., Bocharov, A. V., Базовкина, Д. В., & Proshina, E. A. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.010 · Cited by 6
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Altered brain network dynamics during rumination in remitted depression
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“…induction functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to guide depression patients and healthy controls (HC) into the active rumination condition, while the distraction induction data were collected as the control condition to rumination (Cooney et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2020).”
Wang, Z., Jacobs, R. H., Marsh, R., Horga, G., Qiao, J., Warner, V., Weissman, M. M., & Peterson, B. S. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.008 · Cited by 5
“From a theoretical perspective, we were interested in identifying possible sex differences in the DMN because of its association with rumination (Cooney et al., 2010) and depression (Sheline et al.”
BackgroundResultAlejandre-Lara, A. L., Canby, N. K., Wesbecher, K. D., Eichel, K., Britton, W. B., & Lindahl, J. R. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10287-5 · Cited by 5
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“, ruminative) processes associated with major depression (Burkhouse et al., 2017; Cooney et al., 2010; Davey et al., 2017; Davey et al., 2016; Hamilton et al., 2015; Jones et al., 2017; Rayner et al., 2016).”
BackgroundNeural basis of self-esteem: social cognitive and emotional regulation insights
Aki, M., Shibata, M., Fujita, Y., Spantios, M., Kobayashi, K., Ueno, T., Miyagi, T., Yoshimura, S., Oishi, N., Murai, T., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1588567 · Cited by 6
Network localization of brain structural and functional abnormalities in association with rumination
She, M., Sun, Y., Yan, Z., Li, K., Han, X., Cai, H., Yu, Y., & Zhu, J. (2026) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121929 · Cited by 4
Behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates of facial emotion processing in post-stroke depression
Koob, J. L., Gorski, M., Krick, S., Mustin, M., Fink, G. R., Grefkes, C., & Rehme, A. K. (2024) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103586 · Cited by 4
“…feelings and their consequences (Owens & Gibb, 2016; Raes et al., 2006; Suslow et al., 2019), while rumination in depression is further related to altered frontal activation and volume encompassing IFG, cingulum, PFC, and OFC (Burkhouse et al., 2017; Cooney et al., 2010; Kühn et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSu, S., Zhu, X., & Gao, S. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07764-5 · Cited by 4
“…a study on the neural mechanisms of depressive rumination shows that when depressed people have higher levels of rumination, they activate areas associated with autobiographical memory and negative thoughts, especially memories of depressive and ambiguous self-assessment (Cooney et al., 2010).”
Interhemispheric effects of iTBS on the fronto-parietal network: Evidence from dual-site stimulation
Int-Veen, I., Barth, B., Täglich, R., Schopp, B., Nuerk, H.-C., Plewnia, C., Smet, S. D., Vanderhasselt, M., Fallgatter, A. J., Ehlis, A., et al. (2025) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2025.100744 · Cited by 4
“…tasks, and regions associated with the FPN, such as prefrontal areas like the DLPFC, have also been implicated in ruminative thinking across different tasks and samples (Cooney et al., 2010; Kross et al., 2009; Rosenbaum et al., 2018a; Rosenbaum et al., 2018b; Van-derhasselt et al., 2011).”
Guo, Y., & Wei, D. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0328895 · Cited by 4
Metacognitive skills inventory (MSI): development and validation
Hameed, H. A., & Cheruvalath, R. (2021) · International Journal of Testing · doi:10.1080/15305058.2021.1986051 · Cited by 5
“A person who lacks metacognitive skills overthinks about one’s own beliefs, which contributes to conditions like low mood and depression (Cooney et al., 2010; Hagen et al., 2017; Takano & Tanno, 2009).”
BackgroundResultYan, Y., Li, M., Jia, H., Fu, L., Qiu, J., & Yang, W. (2023) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105976 · Cited by 4
Schreiner, M. W., Jacobsen, A. M., Farstead, B. W., Miller, R. H., Jacobs, R. H., Thomas, L. R., Bessette, K. L., Pazdera, M., Crowell, S. E., Kaufman, E. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.056 · Cited by 4
Müller, T., Krug, S., Kayali, Ö., Leichter, E., Jahn, N., Winter, L., Krüger, T. H. C., Kahl, K. G., Sinke, C., & Heitland, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1479283 · Cited by 5
“Frontal areas are thought to be involved in directing attention to self-relevant information (18) and the PCC is attributed to a role in the retrieval of autobiographical memories and self-focused thinking (77), among other activities.”
Pali and Echo Phenomena: Symptoms of Persistence and Perseveration
Magnin, É., de Bustos, E. M., & Moulin, T. (2017) · Monographs in clinical neuroscience/Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience/Monographs in neural sciences · doi:10.1159/000475692 · Cited by 4
Damme, K. S. F., Gupta, T., Haase, C. M., & Mittal, V. A. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102946 · Cited by 4
“In neurobiological models of emotion regulation, the dACC-NAcc is related to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., rumination; Cooney et al., 2010; Sheena et al., 2021) and a biomarker of treatment response in depression(Pizzagalli, 2011).”
Mindfulness for the Treatment of Depression
Marchand, W. R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_7 · Cited by 4
Imaging Functional Systems in Depression
Young, C. B., Mueller, B. W., & Tendolkar, I. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802456-0.00008-x · Cited by 5
Increased myo-inositol in the posterior cingulate cortex in first-episode major depressive patients
Granados-Domínguez, L. M., Flores-Gutiérrez, E. O., Alcauter, S., Cervantes, J. J., Álvarez, M. T., & Corsi‐Cabrera, M. (2013) · Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology · doi:10.4236/abb.2013.46a007 · Cited by 4
“The PCC has been found to be activated in healthy subjects during information retrieval from episodic [16] and autobiographic memories [17], as well as during self-referential processing [10,18,19], and rumination [20].”
BackgroundResultA Reproducible Neurobiology of Depressive RuminationPreprint
Pisner, D. A., Shumake, J., Beevers, C. G., & Schnyer, D. M. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/365759 · Cited by 4
“Research into the precise role of the ACC in DR have been mixed, however (Cooney et al., 2010; Kühn et al., 2012; Nejad et al., 2013).”
BackgroundClimate Change & Well-Being: The Role for Health Promotion Professionals
Johnson, S. S., Constible, J., Knowlton, K., Gifford, B., Roberts, J. D., Ada, M. S. D., & Jetté, S. (2020) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117120970334a · Cited by 6
Neural signatures of stress susceptibility and resilience in the amygdala-hippocampal networkPreprint
Xia, F., Fascianelli, V., Vishwakarma, N., Ghinger, F. G., Fusi, S., & Kheirbek, M. A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563652 · Cited by 4
Taraku, B., Nomi, J. S., Zavaliangos‐Petropulu, A., Al‐Sharif, N., Pfeiffer, P., Norris, V., Joshi, S. H., Espinoza, R. T., Uddin, L. Q., & Narr, K. L. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.936 · Cited by 3
“Many studies have also linked the SN and intrinsic connectivity between nodes of the SN and DMN with rumination ( Burrows et al., 2017; Ordaz et al., 2017), including in MDD specifically ( Cooney et al., 2010; Paul et al., 2013; Ray et al., 2005).”
Ma, J., Zhang, R., Lin, K., & Lee, T. M. C. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104292 · Cited by 3
“…and depressive symptomatology (Tozzi et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2020), and the work linking subcortical regions (e.g. amygdala and parahippocampus) to dysregulated emotion processing and retrieval of autobiographical memory (Cooney et al., 2010; Fowler, Miernicki, Rudolph, & Telzer, 2017).”
Meiering, M. S., Weigner, D., Gruzman, R., Enge, S., & Grimm, S. (2025) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaf118 · Cited by 3
A neural network underlying cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns
Marques, C., Sayal, A., Crisóstomo, J., Duarte, J. V., Castilho, P., Goss, K., Pereira, A. T., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1274817 · Cited by 4
Camacho-Téllez, V., Castro, M. N., Wainsztein, A., Goldberg, X., Pino, G. D., Costanzo, E. Y., Cardoner, N., Menchón, J. M., Soriano‐Mas, C., Guinjoan, S. M., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111803 · Cited by 4
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in bipolar and unipolar depression
Ellard, K. K., Uribe, S., & Funes, C. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817935-2.00039-8 · Cited by 3
Payne, P., Zava, D. T., Fiering, S., & Crane‐Godreau, M. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00038 · Cited by 3
“Significantly, MM is hypothesized to act via its effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (26, 27), as well as on neuromuscular control (28, 29), musculoskeletal condition (30), and mental state (31).”
BackgroundNeural mechanisms underlying susceptibility factors in depression
Jie, M. E. N. G., Wang, K., Peng, X. I. E., Wang, T., & Qiu, J. (2016) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/n972015-00579 · Cited by 2
Hoebeke, Y., Desmedt, O., Özçimen, B., & Heeren, A. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sdmfq · Cited by 3
Watt, D. F. (2024) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2024.2344490 · Cited by 3
“Somewhat in contrast to what has been suggested in some sectors of evolutionary psychology, cognitive forms of rumination appear to actually worsen or at least maintain depression – at least the kind of rumination typically seen in major depression (Cooney et al., 2010).”
ResultHuman regulatory systems in the age of abundance: A predictive processing perspective
Muzik, O., & Diwadkar, V. A. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15302 · Cited by 3
“Rumi-native processing, which is related to the incessant prospection about (almost always) negative possible futures, 140 is also driven by the brain’s increasing reliance on internal priors (that have often also been called “the self”).”
Mao, Y., Li, D., Wang, D., Tian, Y., Chen, J., Jia, L., Wang, X., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-025-00643-z · Cited by 2
“This observation aligns with evidence from other studies suggesting that distinct neural mechanisms may underlie different subtypes of rumination [64].”
Mavar, S., Lee, Y.-S., Baranova, E., Duncan, N. W., Magioncalda, P., & Martino, M. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03194-8 · Cited by 7
“Conversely, increased DMN activity may enhance environment-independent processing and amplify the centrality of internal imagery and thought patterns, which — when detached from dynamic external stimuli — may become repetitive and manifest as ruminative thinking [72, 89, 90].”
Limited generalizability of dynamic fMRI correlates of adolescent rumination
Treves, I. N., Park, M. S., Spence, J., Jaffe, N., Pidvirny, K., Tierney, A. O., Kucyi, A., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Auerbach, R. P., & Webb, C. A. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00525-0 · Cited by 2
“Further, activation in the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate 22 , as well as the posterior cingulate cortex, may be heightened during ruminative states 22–24 .”
Queirazza, F., & Cavanagh, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120631 · Cited by 2
“Hy-peractivity of the DMN is associated with depressive ruminative thinking (Cooney et al., 2010).”
Int-Veen, I., Fallgatter, A. J., Ehlis, A., & Rosenbaum, D. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121343 · Cited by 2
The Neuroscience of Well-Being: A General Framework and Its Relation to Humanistic Flourishing
Kenett, Y. N., & Chatterjee, A. K. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190064570.013.33 · Cited by 2
Identifying Relational Applications of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression
Paz, A. W. (2023) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-023-00681-1 · Cited by 2
“These difficulties in dynamic modulation of the DMN in MDD have been associated with excessive self-focus and rumination (Sheline et al. 2009; Cooney et al. 2010; Hamilton et al. 2013; Otte et al. 2016).”
Öner, S., Bilgin, E., & Çağlar, E. Ş. (2023) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3325 · Cited by 2
Myers, A. M., Rech, M., Baran, B., Palmer, C. A., Mylonas, D., & Alfano, C. A. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.009 · Cited by 3
Murgueitio, N., Trueba, A. F., & Pluck, G. C. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108430 · Cited by 3
Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease: What Will the Future Bring for ‘The Worried Well’?
Fornazzari, L., & Fischer, C. E. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2021.126 · Cited by 2
Neuroscience of Depression: A Review
Morgan, S. (2015) · Cited by 2
Underlying biological substrates associated with cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder
(2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139860567.012 · Cited by 2
Treatment opportunities for ameliorating cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder
Cha, D. S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139860567.019 · Cited by 2
Jabali, A. L., Mojtabaei, M., & Mirhashemi, M. (2021) · Modern Care Journal · doi:10.5812/modernc.119145 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., Dennis, E. L., & Gotlib, I. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Concordia University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Cooney, Rebecca E.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 470-478
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- PMC
- PMC4476645
- OpenAlex
- W2083730492
- Semantic Scholar
- 7cfcec0eec853fe3db0b31fdaa15113a4a7fe039
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 27.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH59259, R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- rumination, major depressive disorder, neural correlates, orbitofrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, limbic system, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Reaction Time, Thinking, Young Adult
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