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Neural correlates of rumination in depression
Open accessAbstract
Rumination, or recursive self-focused thinking, has important implications for understanding the development and maintenance of depressive episodes. Rumination is associated with the worsening of negative mood states, greater affective responding to negative material, and increased access to negative memories. The present study was designed to use fMRI to examine neural aspects of rumination in depressed and healthy control individuals. We used a rumination induction task to assess differences in patterns of neural activation during ruminative self-focus as compared with a concrete distraction condition and with a novel abstract distraction condition in 14 participants who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 14 healthy control participants. Depressed participants exhibited increased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as compared with healthy controls during rumination versus concrete distraction. Neural activity during rumination versus abstract distraction was greater for depressed than for control participants in the amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus. These findings indicate that ruminative self-focus is associated with enhanced recruitment of limbic and medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions in depression. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
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“One of the most frequently reported neuroimaging findings in MDD is abnormally increased connectivity and heightened activation of the amygdala 99-101 .”
From Major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [100]
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“Similarly, task-based studies examining trait levels of worry or depressive rumination (e.g., Paulus and Stein, 2010; Hamilton et al., 2011) or instructions to worry or ruminate (e.g., Cooney et al., 2010; Paulus and Stein, 2010; Ottaviani et al., 2016) demonstrate neural activations in nodes of the DN.”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Cooney et al., 2010
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“Moreover, decreased frontoparietal connectivity has been found both at rest and in response to negative stimuli, but not in response to positive stimuli, suggesting that this network may contribute to inappropriate cognitive appraisals of negative events more specifically 100,105 .”
From Major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [100]
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Increased involvement of the parahippocampal gyri in a sad mood predicts future depressive symptoms
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A two-factor model of relapse/recurrence vulnerability in unipolar depression
Farb, N. A. S., Irving, J. A., Anderson, A. K., & Segal, Z. V. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000031 · Cited by 75
Stress-related dysfunction of the right inferior frontal cortex in high ruminators: An fNIRS study
Rosenbaum, D., Thomas, M., Hilsendegen, P., Metzger, F., Haeussinger, F. B., Nuerk, H.-C., Fallgatter, A., Nieratschker, V., & Ehlis, A. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.022 · Cited by 74
“, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)) can be elicited by a rumination induction (Cooney et al., 2010).”
van Wingen, G. A., Tendolkar, I., Urner, M., van Marle, H. J. F., Denys, D. A. J. P., Verkes, R., & Fernández, G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.022 · Cited by 82
“, 2012), and increased activity in the DLPFC and increased connectivity with the MPFC during self-referential processing, as well as increased DLPFC activity during instructed rumination (Cooney et al., 2010; Lemogne et al., 2009).”
BackgroundAmygdala subregions tied to SSRI and placebo response in patients with social anxiety disorder
Faria, V., Appel, L., Åhs, F., Linnman, C., Pissiota, A., Frans, Ö., Bani, M., Bettica, P., Pich, E. M., Jacobsson, E., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.72 · Cited by 73
Dipasquale, O., Selvaggi, P., Veronese, M., Gabay, A. S., Turkheimer, F., & Mehta, M. A. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.007 · Cited by 71
Fowler, C. H., Miernicki, M. E., Rudolph, K. D., & Telzer, E. H. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.09.002 · Cited by 71
“I Can’t Give Up When I Have Them to Care for”: People’s Experiences of Pets and Their Mental Health
Hawkins, R. D., Hawkins, E. L., & Tip, L. (2021) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2021.1914434 · Cited by 87
“These have been proven to be helpful for mental health by a large body of research (e.g., Arditte Hall et al., 2019; Cooney et al., 2010).”
BackgroundDifferences in functional connectivity in major depression versus bipolar II depression
Marchand, W. R., Lee, J. N., Johnson, S., Gale, P. D., & Thatcher, J. W. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.028 · Cited by 71
“Considerable evidence indicates that CMS structures play a direct role in mediating the relationship between aberrant self-referential thinking and negative affect in mood disorders (Altshuler et al., 2005, 2008; Chen et al., 2006; Cooney et al., 2010; Elliott et al., 2004; Grimm et al., 2009a, 2009b; Lagopoulos and M…”
BackgroundFunctional connectivity of reflective and brooding rumination in depressed and healthy women
Satyshur, M. D., Layden, E. A., Gowins, J. R., Buchanan, A., & Gollan, J. K. (2018) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-0611-7 · Cited by 75
“Of note, one study did find increased activity in the middle occipital region when participants performed a rumination task (Cooney et al., 2010).”
BackgroundRegional homogeneity of resting-state brain abnormalities in bipolar and unipolar depression
Liu, C., Ma, X., Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, F., Li, F., Tie, C.-L., Dong, J., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.010 · Cited by 75
Wang, S. B., Lydecker, J. A., & Grilo, C. M. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2499 · Cited by 78
Review on Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Music: Implications for Emotion Dysregulation
Hou, J., Song, B., Chen, A. C. N., Sun, C., Zhou, J., Zhu, H., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00501 · Cited by 85
“In fact, emotion dysregulation characterizes most psychiatric disorders (Beauchaine, 2015a,b; Beauchaine and Thayer, 2015), including internalizing disorders (Mayberg et al., 2005; Cooney et al., 2010; Rajappa et al., 2012; Miranda et al., 2013), externalizing disorders (Beauchaine et al.”
BackgroundDo sex differences in rumination explain sex differences in depression?
Shors, T. J., Millon, E. M., Chang, H. Y. M., Olson, R. L., & Alderman, B. L. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23976 · Cited by 70
“In one study, individuals with depression expressed more activation in the right hippocampus when engaging in a digit-sorting task during experimentally-induced rumination (Cooney et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSiep, N., Tonnaer, F., van de Ven, V., Arntz, A., Raine, A., & Cima, M. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-018-9945-6 · Cited by 77
Psychedelic therapy's transdiagnostic effects: A research domain criteria (RDoC) perspective
Kelly, J. R., Gillan, C. M., Prenderville, J., Kelly, C., Harkin, A., Clarke, G., & O'Keane, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.800072 · Cited by 69
Lois, G., & Wessa, M. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw085 · Cited by 66
“Rumination-induction has been associated with increased DMN functional connectivity (FC) and hyperactivity in MDD patients (Lemogne et al., 2009; Cooney et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 2011; Berman et al., 2014) and healthy subjects (Kross et al.”
BackgroundLi, H., Li, W., Wei, D., Chen, Q., Jackson, T., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.044 · Cited by 70
“PHG dysfunction has been linked to PTSD (Cooney et al., 2010), social anxiety disorder (Etkin andWager, 2007), Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia (Bilkey, 2004).”
InfluentialRumination network dysfunction in major depression: A brain connectome study
Zhang, R., Kranz, G. S., Zou, W., Deng, Y., Huang, X., Lin, K., & Lee, T. M. C. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109819 · Cited by 69
“Rumination involves a broad range of cognitive and affective processes including self-referential processing, autobiographical memories, and emotion regulation (Cooney et al., 2010; Sin et al., 2018).”
InfluentialThe neural basis of unwanted thoughts during resting state
Kühn, S., Vanderhasselt, M., Raedt, R. D., & Gallinat, J. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst117 · Cited by 65
“The existing neuroimaging studies that focussed on unwanted thoughts in the broadest sense have mostly investigated the trait aspects of rumination and have presented task-related fMRI data in which patients with mental disorders were compared with healthy controls (Ray et al., 2005; Berman et al., 2011; Cooney et al.…”
BackgroundGorka, A. X., Torrisi, S., Shackman, A. J., Grillon, C., & Ernst, M. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.007 · Cited by 66
“…direct anatomical projections to the CeA and BNST, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or posterior cingulate, are involved with the cognitive processing of negative information (Berman et al., 2010; Cooney et al., 2010), and may be highly relevant to subjective feelings of fear and anxiety.”
Lin, Y., Callahan, C. P., & Moser, J. S. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.007 · Cited by 68
Alonso, S., Deco, G., Horst, G. J. T., & Cabral, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2020.570583 · Cited by 58
Basal Hippocampal Activity and Its Functional Connectivity Predicts Cocaine Relapse
Adinoff, B. H., Gu, H., Merrick, C., McHugh, M. J., Jeon‐Slaughter, H., Lu, H., Yang, Y., & Stein, E. A. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.027 · Cited by 64
“The heightened rumination in depressed individuals, for example, is associated with increased PCC activity during a rumination task (67) and PCC-anterior cingulate connectivity at rest (68), and in cocaine-dependent individuals, PCC activation is associated with cue-induced craving (69).”
BackgroundFerdek, M. A., van Rijn, C. M., & Wyczesany, M. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0456-x · Cited by 67
“Cooney et al. (2010) found enhanced amygdala, parahippocampal, and temporal gyri (middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus) activation in depressed patients compared to healthy controls during the ruminative versus abstract condition.”
InfluentialHenje, E., Duncan, L. G., Ho, T. C., Connolly, C. G., LeWinn, K. Z., Chesney, M. A., Hecht, F. M., & Yang, T. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00630 · Cited by 68
“Depressed individuals often ruminate and have difficulties disengaging from the processing of self-focused, often negatively biased thoughts (Cooney et al., 2010; Manoliu et al., 2013; Mandell et al., 2014).”
BackgroundNicotine and networks: Potential for enhancement of mood and cognition in late-life depression
Gandelman, J. A., NEWHOUSE, P. A., & Taylor, W. D. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.018 · Cited by 61
“, 2009) and during maladaptive ruminative self-focus (Cooney et al., 2010).”
Luo, X., Chen, G., Jia, Y., Gong, J., Qiu, S., Zhong, S., Zhao, L., Chen, F., Lai, S., Qi, Z., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00705 · Cited by 64
Peterson, B. S., Wang, Z., Horga, G., Warner, V., Rutherford, B. R., Klahr, K., Graniello, B., WICKRAMARATNE, P. J., Garcia, F., Yu, S., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4048 · Cited by 62
Fischer, A. S., Keller, C. J., & Etkin, A. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.02.004 · Cited by 65
“DMN hyperconnectivity strongly correlates with measures of self-rumination (23,56), as well as with disease severity and duration (57).”
BackgroundNeural and behavioral correlates of negative self‐focused thought associated with depression
Philippi, C. L., Cornejo, M. D., Frost, C. P., Walsh, E. C., Hoks, R. M., Birn, R., & Abercrombie, H. C. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24003 · Cited by 60
“…studies in MDD suggest that aberrant activity in these self-related brain regions, in particular the mPFC and ACC, may underlie negative-SFT in MDD (Cooney, Joormann, Eugène, Dennis, & Gotlib, 2010; Grimm et al., 2009; Johnson, Nolen-Hoeksema, Mitchell, & Levin, 2009; Lemogne et al., 2009; Nejad,…”
BackgroundHsu, D. T., Mickey, B. J., Langenecker, S. A., Heitzeg, M. M., Love, T., Wang, H., Kennedy, S. E., Peciña, M., Shafir, T., Hodgkinson, C. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5533-11.2012 · Cited by 61
“Similar to our results, increased subgenual BOLD activity in MDD participants has been observed while viewing sad faces (Gotlib et al., 2005) and during rumination (Cooney et al., 2010) compared with controls.”
BackgroundResultInsular subdivisions functional connectivity dysfunction within major depressive disorder
Peng, X., Lin, P., Wu, X., Gong, R., Yang, R., & Wang, J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.018 · Cited by 60
Changes in functional connectivity following treatment with emotion regulation therapy
Scult, M. A., Fresco, D. M., Gunning, F. M., Liston, C., Seeley, S. H., García, E., & Mennin, D. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00010 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., Dennis, E. L., & Gotlib, I. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Concordia University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Cooney, Rebecca E.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 470-478
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- PMC
- PMC4476645
- OpenAlex
- W2083730492
- Semantic Scholar
- 7cfcec0eec853fe3db0b31fdaa15113a4a7fe039
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 27.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH59259, R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- rumination, major depressive disorder, neural correlates, orbitofrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, limbic system, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Reaction Time, Thinking, Young Adult
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