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Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in the present moment. We investigate the hypothesis that mindfulness training may alter or enhance specific aspects of attention. We examined three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct but overlapping attentional subsystems: alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring. Functioning of each subsystem was indexed by performance on the Attention Network Test. Two types of mindfulness training (MT) programs were examined, and behavioral testing was conducted on participants before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) training. One training group consisted of individuals naive to mindfulness techniques who participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course that emphasized the development of concentrative meditation skills. The other training group consisted of individuals experienced in concentrative meditation techniques who participated in a 1-month intensive mindfulness retreat. Performance of these groups was compared with that of control participants who were meditation naive and received no MT. At Time 1, the participants in the retreat group demonstrated improved conflict monitoring performance relative to those in the MBSR and control groups. At Time 2, the participants in the MBSR course demonstrated significantly improved orienting in comparison with the control and retreat participants. In contrast, the participants in the retreat group demonstrated altered performance on the alerting component, with improvements in exogenous stimulus detection in comparison with the control and MBSR participants. The groups did not differ in conflict monitoring performance at Time 2. These results suggest that mindfulness training may improve attention-related behavioral responses by enhancing functioning of specific subcomponents of attention. Whereas participation in the MBSR course improved the ability to endogenously orient attention, retreat participation appeared to allow for the development and emergence of receptive attentional skills, which improved exogenous alerting-related process.
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“With regards to feeling alert after meditation, this may be reflective of Jha, Krompiger, and Baime's (2007) findings of improvements to the ventral attention sub-system of healthy experienced meditators which resulted in increased alertness or wakefulness.”
From “Giving yourself some breathing room…”: an exploration of group meditation for people with aphasia (2021) · cites this paper as Jha, Krompiger, and Baime, 2007
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“From this perspective, the intervention logic of MABIs lies in repeated attentional re-anchoring practice, such as focusing on the breath or bodily kinesthetic feedback, which helps performers bring attention back in a nonjudgmental manner once mind wandering is detected (Bishop et al., 2004; Jha et al., 2007).”
From Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for music performance anxiety: a three-level meta-analysis of therapeutic effects, mechanisms, and boundary conditions (2026) · cites this paper as Jha et al., 2007
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“many scientific studies have been conducted on Theravada or Mahayana types of meditation, and there is evidence that they can lead to long-term improvements on attentional tasks (e.g., [25, 120, 126]).”
From The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention (2015) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“MacLean et al. [120] showed that the slope of A′ was more positive at the midpoint and after the meditation retreat, in comparison to the pre-retreat baseline, demonstrating that Shamatha meditation reduced the decrement in A′ that occurs during the sustained attention task and therefore increased tonic alertness.”
From The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention (2015) · cites this paper as [120]
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“Deeper states of meditation and psychedelic usage are associated with changes in the neural pathways of attention (Chiesa and Serretti 2010; Jha and Krompinger 2007) that in turn shift one's perspective of self and interrelationships with others and with their surroundings (Farb et al. 2007; Smigielski et al. 2019; Yaden et al. 2017).”
From Cultural Evolution of Religion, Spirituality and Ritual: Impacts On Human Cooperation (2024) · cites this paper as Jha and Krompinger 2007
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“Mindfulness meditation has been independently found to improve all three of these psychological barriers.”
From Effects of Mindfulness Training on Body Awareness to Sexual Stimuli: Implications for Female Sexual Dysfunction (2011) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Badania naukowe wykazały, żetrening uważności zwiększa kontrolę uwagi poprzez skrócenie czasu reakcji izwiększenie trwałej uwagi nazadaniach [Jha, Krompinger, Baime, 2007; Chambers, Lo, Allen, 2008].”
From Mindfulness – wykorzystanie praktyki uważności w terapii dorosłych osób z giełkotem i jąkaniem (2024) · cites this paper as Jha, Krompinger, Baime, 2007
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“Using a variety of neuropsychological tasks, experimental studies have shown that mindfulness training is associated with improvements in orienting (Jha, Krompinger, & Baime, 2007) and conflict monitoring (Tang et al., 2007).”
From Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies (2011) · cites this paper as Jha et al., 2007
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“Among experienced meditators, participation in an intensive mindfulness retreat has also been associated with improved alerting (Jha et al., 2007).”
From Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies (2011) · cites this paper as Jha et al., 2007
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“Recent laboratory studies suggest that mindfulness exercises that target attention and open-monitoring can improve attention control (Ainsworth et al., 2013, Zeidan et al., 2010, Jha et al., 2007)”
From Testing the differential effects of acceptance and attention-based psychological interventions on intrusive thoughts and worry (2017) · cites this paper as Jha et al., 2007
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“A considerable number of studies have empirically documented better performance during attentional tasks in meditators compared to controls [25–28].”
From Mindful emotion regulation: Exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Orienting and directed attention improved in the MBSR group, but tonic alertness improved only in long-term meditators and was directly associated with prior meditation practice.”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“meditation training programs that focus on these attention training practices have been shown to improve selective and executive attention ability and working memory (Chiesa et al., 2011; Jha, Krompinger, & Baime, 2007; Lutz, Slagter, Dunne, & Davidson, 2008).”
From Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT (2017) · cites this paper as Jha, Krompinger, & Baime, 2007
In the citing paper
“Another form of behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), improves subjects’ ability to direct attention and detect changes in stimuli through mindfulness training (Jha et al 2007).”
From Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease (2018) · cites this paper as Jha et al 2007
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Citations
Cites
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
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The attention system of the human brain
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“The dorsal/ventral model is similar to the tripartite model of attention proposed by Posner and Petersen (1990) , according to which attention consists of three functionally distinct cognitive networks.”
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Cited by
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Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701598298 · Cited by 3,654
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“Among experienced meditators, participation in an intensive mindfulness retreat has also been associated with improved alerting (Jha et al., 2007).”
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Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005 · Cited by 2,659
Metadata
- Authors
- JHA, A. P., KROMPINGER, J., & BAIME, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- JHA, A. P.
- ORCID
- JHA, A. P.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-119
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2132002500
- Cited by
- 1,580
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 113 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 86
- FWCI
- 49.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- National Institutes of Health (5r21at002761-02)
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (1 R21 AT002761)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- mindfulness training, alerting, orienting, conflict monitoring, Attention Network Test, mindfulness-based stress reduction, concentrative meditation, top-down attention
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Conflict, Psychological, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Stress, Psychological, Meditation
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