Cited by 336Cognitive Abilities and TestingNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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How to measure working memory capacity in the change detection paradigm

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Rouder, Jeffrey N., Morey, Richard D., Morey, Candice C., Cowan, Nelson·2011·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

DOI 10.3758/s13423-011-0055-3PMC PMC3070885

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Abstract

Although the measurement of working memory capacity is crucial to understanding working memory and its interaction with other cognitive faculties, there are inconsistencies in the literature on how to measure capacity. We address the measurement in the change detection paradigm, popularized by Luck and Vogel (Nature, 390, 279-281, 1997). Two measures for this task-from Pashler (Perception & Psychophysics, 44, 369-378, 1988) and Cowan (The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87-114, 2001), respectively-have been used interchangeably, even though they may yield qualitatively different conclusions. We show that the choice between these two measures is not arbitrary. Although they are motivated by the same underlying discrete-slots working memory model, each is applicable only to a specific task; the two are never interchangeable. In the course of deriving these measures, we discuss subtle but consequential flaws in the underlying discrete-slots model. These flaws motivate revision in the modal model and capacity measures.

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Fig. 1 Change detection paradigms. In both paradigms, participants briefly study a set of objects and, after a brief delay, are tested. a Single-probe recognition. b Whole-display recognitionCC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 Conclusions about capacity depend on the choice of estimate. a Averaged hit and false alarm rates as a function of set size from Cowan et al. (2006). b Averaged Pashler ({\widehat{k}_p}) and Cowan ({\widehat{k}_c}) estimates. The Cowan measure yields an invariance of capacity with set size; the Pashler measure yields a dependenceCC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Fig. 3 The dependence of informed guessing, g, on set size, capacity, and uninformed guessing base rate (u) in the whole-display paradigmCC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Authors: Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Morey, C. C., & Cowan, N.
Affiliations: University of Missouri System (US)
University of Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author: Rouder, Jeffrey N.
ORCID: Rouder, Jeffrey N.
Morey, Richard D.
Morey, Candice C.
Cowan, Nelson
Venue: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-02-19
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Pages: 324-330
ISSN: 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
1531-5320
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0055-3
PMC: PMC3070885
OpenAlex: W1993017443
Cited by: 334
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 24.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD-21338, R01HD021338)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: working memory capacity, change detection, capacity measurement, modal model, visual working memory
MeSH terms: Aptitude, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Psychological, Psychological Tests, Signal Detection, Psychological

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How to measure working memory capacity in the change detection paradigm

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