Failure to filter: Anxious individuals show inefficient gating of threat from working memory
Open accessAbstract
Dispositional anxiety is a well-established risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders along the internalizing spectrum, including anxiety and depression. Importantly, many of the maladaptive behaviors characteristic of anxiety, such as anticipatory apprehension, occur when threat is absent. This raises the possibility that anxious individuals are less efficient at gating threat's access to working memory, a limited capacity workspace where information is actively retained, manipulated, and used to flexibly guide goal-directed behavior when it is no longer present in the external environment. Using a well-validated neurophysiological index of working memory storage, we demonstrate that threat-related distracters were difficult to filter on average and that this difficulty was exaggerated among anxious individuals. These results indicate that dispositionally anxious individuals allocate excessive working memory storage to threat, even when it is irrelevant to the task at hand. More broadly, these results provide a novel framework for understanding the maladaptive thoughts and actions characteristic of internalizing disorders.
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- Authors
- Stout, D. M., Shackman, A. J., & Larson, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Larson, Christine L.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 58-58
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3586709
- OpenAlex
- W2152434976
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 17.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee) (submittedVersion)
- Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH086809)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- dispositional anxiety, working memory, threat processing, internalizing disorders, anticipatory anxiety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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