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Media multitasking and memory: Differences in working memory and long-term memory

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Uncapher, Melina R., K. Thieu, Monica, Wagner, Anthony D.·2016·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

DOI 10.3758/s13423-015-0907-3PMC PMC4733435

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Abstract

Increasing access to media in the 21st century has led to a rapid rise in the prevalence of media multitasking (simultaneous use of multiple media streams). Such behavior is associated with various cognitive differences, such as difficulty filtering distracting information and increased trait impulsivity. Given the rise in media multitasking by children, adolescents, and adults, a full understanding of the cognitive profile of media multitaskers is imperative. Here we investigated the relationship between chronic media multitasking and working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) performance. Four key findings are reported (1) heavy media multitaskers (HMMs) exhibited lower WM performance, regardless of whether external distraction was present or absent; (2) lower performance on multiple WM tasks predicted lower LTM performance; (3) media multitasking-related differences in memory reflected differences in discriminability rather than decision bias; and (4) attentional impulsivity correlated with media multitasking behavior and reduced WM performance. These findings suggest that chronic media multitasking is associated with a wider attentional scope/higher attentional impulsivity, which may allow goal-irrelevant information to compete with goal-relevant information. As a consequence, heavy media multitaskers are able to hold fewer or less precise goal-relevant representations in WM. HMMs' wider attentional scope, combined with their diminished WM performance, propagates forward to yield lower LTM performance. As such, chronic media multitasking is associated with a reduced ability to draw on the past--be it very recent or more remote--to inform present behavior.

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Authors: Uncapher, M. R., K. Thieu, M., & Wagner, A. D.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Uncapher, Melina R.
ORCID: Uncapher, Melina R.
Wagner, Anthony D.
Venue: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-07-30
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Pages: 483-490
ISSN: 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
1531-5320
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-015-0907-3
PMC: PMC4733435
OpenAlex: W965151129
Cited by: 232
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 17.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH099812)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: media multitasking, working memory, long-term memory, attentional impulsivity, attentional scope, external distraction, discriminability, decision bias
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Child, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Mass Media, Memory, Short-Term, Young Adult, Executive Function, Memory, Long-Term, Social Media

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Media multitasking and memory: Differences in working memory and long-term memory

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