Cited by 230Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsCognitive Science and Education ResearchNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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The anchoring bias reflects rational use of cognitive resources

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Lieder, Falk, Griffiths, Thomas L., M. Huys, Quentin J., Goodman, Noah D.·2018·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

DOI 10.3758/s13423-017-1286-8

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Abstract

Cognitive biases, such as the anchoring bias, pose a serious challenge to rational accounts of human cognition. We investigate whether rational theories can meet this challenge by taking into account the mind's bounded cognitive resources. We asked what reasoning under uncertainty would look like if people made rational use of their finite time and limited cognitive resources. To answer this question, we applied a mathematical theory of bounded rationality to the problem of numerical estimation. Our analysis led to a rational process model that can be interpreted in terms of anchoring-and-adjustment. This model provided a unifying explanation for ten anchoring phenomena including the differential effect of accuracy motivation on the bias towards provided versus self-generated anchors. Our results illustrate the potential of resource-rational analysis to provide formal theories that can unify a wide range of empirical results and reconcile the impressive capacities of the human mind with its apparently irrational cognitive biases.

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Authors: Lieder, F., Griffiths, T. L., M. Huys, Q. J., & Goodman, N. D.
Affiliations: University of Zurich (CH)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Lieder, Falk
ORCID: Lieder, Falk
Griffiths, Thomas L.
Goodman, Noah D.
Venue: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-05-08
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Pages: 322-349
ISSN: 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
1531-5320
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-017-1286-8
OpenAlex: W2613289252
Cited by: 230
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9
FWCI: 1.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (N00014-13-1-0341)
Office of Naval Research (N00014-13-1-0341, ONR MURI N00014-13-1-0341, MURI N00014-13-1-0341, N00014)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (N00014-13-1-0341, FA‐9550‐10‐1‐0232)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: anchoring effect, anchoring and adjustment, bounded rationality, cognitive resources, uncertainty reasoning, numerical estimation, accuracy motivation
MeSH terms: Heuristics, Cognition, Humans, Motivation, Probability, Problem Solving, Bias, Uncertainty

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The anchoring bias reflects rational use of cognitive resources

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