Cited by 1,025Obesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCancer Risks and Factors

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The Medical Risks of Obesity

Pi-Sunyer, Xavier·2009·Postgraduate Medicine

DOI 10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2074

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Abstract

Obesity is at epidemic proportions in the United States and in other developed and developing countries. The prevalence of obesity is increasing not only in adults, but especially among children and adolescents. In the United States in 2003 to 2004, 17.1% of children and adolescents were overweight, and 32.2% of adults were obese. Obesity is a significant risk factor for and contributor to increased morbidity and mortality, most importantly from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, but also from cancer and chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis, liver and kidney disease, sleep apnea, and depression. The prevalence of obesity has increased steadily over the past 5 decades, and obesity may have a significant impact on quality-adjusted life years. Obesity is also strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Despite the substantial effects of obesity, weight loss can result in a significant reduction in risk for the majority of these comorbid conditions. Those comorbidities most closely linked to obesity must be identified to increase awareness of potential adverse outcomes. This will allow health care professionals to identify and implement appropriate interventions to reduce patient risk and mortality. A systematic search strategy was used to identify published literature between 1995 and 2008 that reported data from prospective longitudinal studies of obesity and comorbid medical conditions. This article will review evidence for significant associations of obesity with comorbidities to provide information useful for optimal patient management.

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Authors: Pi-Sunyer, X.
Affiliations: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
Venue: Postgraduate Medicine
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2009-11-01
Volume: 121
Issue: 6
Pages: 21-33
ISSN: 0032-5481 (ISSN-L)
1941-9260
DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2074
OpenAlex: W4246830875
Cited by: 1,025
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 20.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Postgraduate Medicine (publishedVersion)
Funders: Amylin Pharmaceuticals
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK026687)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Keywords: obesity, obesity-related comorbidities, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, osteoarthritis, liver disease, kidney disease, sleep apnea, depression, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, weight loss, childhood obesity, obesity prevalence, quality-adjusted life years

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The Medical Risks of Obesity

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