Overweight and Obesity Are Associated With Psychiatric Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Data from 41,654 respondents in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: After controlling for demographics, the continuous variable of BMI was significantly associated with most mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. When persons were classified into BMI categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese, both obese categories had significantly increased odds of any mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorder, as well as any personality disorder, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.21 to 2.08. Specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-revision IV mood and personality disorders associated with obesity included major depression, dysthmia, and manic episode (ORs, 1.45-2.70) and antisocial, avoidant, schizoid, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (ORs, 1.31-2.55). Compared with normal weight individuals, being moderately overweight was significantly associated with anxiety and some substance use disorders, but not mood or personality disorders. Specific anxiety disorders that occurred at significantly higher rates among all categories of persons exceeding normal weight were generalized anxiety, panic without agoraphobia, and specific phobia (ORs, 1.23-2.60). Being underweight was significantly related to only a few disorders; it was positively related to specific phobia (OR, 1.31) and manic episode (OR, 1.83), and negatively associated with social phobia (OR, 0.60), panic disorder with agoraphobia (OR, 0.40), and avoidant personality disorder (OR, 0.59). CONCLUSION: These data provide a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the association between body weight and psychiatric conditions. Interventions addressing weight loss may benefit from integrating treatment for psychiatric disorders.
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Overweight/obesity and depression/anxiety very often overlap.
“Very often these conditions overlap”
From Mobile Apps for the Management of Comorbid Overweight/Obesity and Depression/Anxiety: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Excess body weight is associated with increased prevalence of mental disorders.
“excess body weight is also known to be associated with increased prevalence of mental disorders [6–9]”
From Mobile Apps for the Management of Comorbid Overweight/Obesity and Depression/Anxiety: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Petry, N. M., Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H., & Wagner, J. A.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Petry, Nancy M.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 288-297
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031425628
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 40.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa003510-27)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50- AA03510)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417, R01 MH60417)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014618, R01-DA14618, R01-DA13444, R01DA018883, P50DA009241, R01DA016855, P50-DA-0-9241, R01DA013444)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity, overweight, body mass index, mental illness, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, alcoholism, substance use disorders, major depressive disorder, manic episodes, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, antisocial personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, underweight, weight loss interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Personality Disorders, Phobic Disorders, Thinness, United States, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Overweight
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