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ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN THE UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION

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Barenfeld, Scott A., Carpenter, John M., Ricci, Luca, Isella, Andrea·2016·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.3847/0004-637x/827/2/142
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Abstract

We present ALMA observations of 106 G-, K-, and M-type stars in the Upper Scorpius OB Association hosting circumstellar disks. With these data, we measure the 0.88 mm continuum and 12 CO J = 3–2 line fluxes of disks around low-mass (0.14–1.66 M ⊙) stars at an age of 5–11 Myr. Of the 75 primordial disks in the sample, 53 are detected in the dust continuum and 26 in CO. Of the 31 disks classified as debris/evolved transitional disks, five are detected in the continuum and none in CO. The lack of CO emission in approximately half of the disks with detected continuum emission can be explained if CO is optically thick but has a compact emitting area (≲40 au), or if the CO is heavily depleted by a factor of at least ∼1000 relative to interstellar medium abundances and is optically thin. The continuum measurements are used to estimate the dust mass of the disks. We find a correlation between disk dust mass and stellar host mass consistent with a power-law relation of . Disk dust masses in Upper Sco are compared to those measured in the younger Taurus star-forming region to constrain the evolution of disk dust mass. We find that the difference in the mean of between Taurus and Upper Sco is 0.64 ± 0.09, such that M dust/M * is lower in Upper Sco by a factor of ∼4.5.

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  • Typical gas disk lifetimes are a few Myr.

    “Typical gas disk lifetimes are a few Myr (Fedele et al. 2010, Barenfeld et al. 2016).”

    From Origins of Hot Jupiters (2018) · cites this paper as Barenfeld et al. 2016

    The Introduction reports that the fraction of K- and M-type stars retaining a disk falls from about 80% at 1 Myr to about 20% at 5 Myr, which supports a disk lifetime of a few Myr. But that estimate is based on infrared dust emission, not gas; Section 7.2 discusses gas detections without establishing a typical gas-disk lifetime. (LLM, conf=0.81)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Barenfeld, S. A., Carpenter, J. M., Ricci, L., & Isella, A.
Affiliations
  • California Institute of Technology (US)
  • Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array (CL)
  • Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
  • Rice University (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2016-08-18
Volume
827
Issue
2
Pages
142
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.3847/0004-637x/827/2/142
OpenAlex
W2395172868
Cited by
296
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 6
FWCI
16.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (cc-by)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (1109334, 1140063)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • California Institute of Technology
  • National Radio Astronomy Observatory
  • National Science Council
  • National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • University of California, Los Angeles
  • National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
Keywords
circumstellar disks, Upper Scorpius OB association, protoplanetary disks, transition disks, debris disks, disk dust mass, CO line emission, CO depletion, dust continuum emission, disk evolution, Taurus star-forming region, low-mass stars

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