Precise Time Delays from Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Type Ia Supernovae with Chromatically Microlensed Images
Open accessAbstract
Time delays between the multiple images of strongly gravitationally lensed Type Ia supernovae (glSNe Ia) have the potential to deliver precise cosmological constraints, but the effects of microlensing on time delay extraction have not been studied in detail. Here we quantify the effect of microlensing on the glSN Ia yield of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the effect of microlensing on the precision and accuracy of time delays that can be extracted from LSST glSNe Ia. Microlensing has a negligible effect on the LSST glSN Ia yield, but it can be increased by a factor of ∼2 over previous predictions to 930 systems using a novel photometric identification technique based on spectral template fitting. Crucially, the microlensing of glSNe Ia is achromatic until three rest-frame weeks after the explosion, making the early-time color curves microlensing-insensitive time delay indicators. By fitting simulated flux and color observations of microlensed glSNe Ia with their underlying, unlensed spectral templates, we forecast the distribution of absolute time delay error due to microlensing for LSST, which is unbiased at the sub-percent level and peaked at 1% for color curve observations in the achromatic phase, while for light-curve observations it is comparable to state-of-the-art mass modeling uncertainties (4%). About 70% of LSST glSN Ia images should be discovered during the achromatic phase, indicating that microlensing time delay uncertainties can be minimized if prompt multicolor follow-up observations are obtained. Accounting for microlensing, the 1–2 day time delay on the recently discovered glSN Ia iPTF16geu can be measured to 40% precision, limiting its cosmological utility.
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LSST will discover between 500 and 1000 strongly lensed SNe Ia, providing hundreds of additional high-quality time delays.
“LSST will also discover between 500 and 1000 strongly lensed SNe Ia ( Goldstein & Nugent 2017; Goldstein et al. 2018 ) , which will provide hundreds of additional high-quality time delays.”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Goldstein et al. 2018
LSST is expected to discover 500 to 1000 multiply imaged Type Ia supernovae.
“500 -1000 multiply imaged SNe Ia ( Goldstein & Nugent 2017; Goldstein et al. 2018 )”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Goldstein et al. 2018
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Discovering New Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
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Primordial black holes survive SN lensing constraints
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Strongly Lensed Transient Sources: A Review
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“Recently, Goldstein et al. (2017) investigated the microlensing impact on LC of Type Ia SNe, and showed that by making use of multi-band LCs the time delay error by microlensing can be reduced to ∼ 1% level.”
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Single-object Imaging and Spectroscopy to Enhance Dark Energy Science from LSSTPreprint
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- Authors
- Goldstein, D. A., Nugent, P. E., Kasen, D. N., & Collett, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- University of Portsmouth (GB)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2018-03-01
- Volume
- 855
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2786423804
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 6.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (-AC02-05CH11231, 05CH11231, DE AC02 05CH11231, DE-AC02-)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF5076)
- Strong
- Office of Science (DEAC02–05CH11231, AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02, 05CH11231)
- Nuclear Physics (DE-SC0018297, DEAC02-05CH11231)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- time delay, strong gravitational lensing, Type Ia supernovae, gravitational microlensing, LSST, cosmological constraints
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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