Cited by 304Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaCosmology and Gravitation TheoriesStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

The CAMELS Project: Cosmology and Astrophysics with Machine-learning Simulations

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Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco, Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel, Genel, Shy, Spergel, David N., S. Somerville, Rachel, Dave, Romeel, Pillepich, Annalisa, Hernquist, Lars +14 more·2021·The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract

We present the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project. CAMELS is a suite of 4233 cosmological simulations of 25 h − 1 Mpc 3 volume each: 2184 state-of-the-art (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations run with the AREPO and GIZMO codes, employing the same baryonic subgrid physics as the IllustrisTNG and SIMBA simulations, and 2049 N-body simulations. The goal of the CAMELS project is to provide theory predictions for different observables as a function of cosmology and astrophysics, and it is the largest suite of cosmological (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations designed to train machine-learning algorithms. CAMELS contains thousands of different cosmological and astrophysical models by way of varying Ω m , σ 8, and four parameters controlling stellar and active galactic nucleus feedback, following the evolution of more than 100 billion particles and fluid elements over a combined volume of ( 400 h − 1 Mpc ) 3 . We describe the simulations in detail and characterize the large range of conditions represented in terms of the matter power spectrum, cosmic star formation rate density, galaxy stellar mass function, halo baryon fractions, and several galaxy scaling relations. We show that the IllustrisTNG and SIMBA suites produce roughly similar distributions of galaxy properties over the full parameter space but significantly different halo baryon fractions and baryonic effects on the matter power spectrum. This emphasizes the need for marginalizing over baryonic effects to extract the maximum amount of information from cosmological surveys. We illustrate the unique potential of CAMELS using several machine-learning applications, including nonlinear interpolation, parameter estimation, symbolic regression, data generation with Generative Adversarial Networks, dimensionality reduction, and anomaly detection.

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Authors
Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Anglés-Alcázar, D., Genel, S., Spergel, D. N., S. Somerville, R., Dave, R., Pillepich, A., Hernquist, L., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Narayanan, D., Li, Y., Philcox, O., La Torre, V., Maria Delgado, A., Ho, S., Hassan, S., Burkhart, B., Wadekar, D., Battaglia, N., Contardo, G., & Bryan, G. L.
Affiliations
  • Princeton University (US)
  • Flatiron Institute (US)
  • Royal Observatory (GB)
  • Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE)
  • Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • University of Florida (US)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • New York University (US)
  • Cornell University (US)
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2021-07-01
Volume
915
Issue
1
Pages
71
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
OpenAlex
W3090580769
Cited by
304
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 9
FWCI
23.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/R000972/1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords
cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, machine learning training data, stellar feedback, AGN feedback, matter power spectrum, galaxy stellar mass function, galaxy scaling relations, star formation rate density, cosmological parameter space, baryonic effects, nonlinear interpolation, parameter estimation, symbolic regression, generative adversarial networks, anomaly detection, dimensionality reduction, IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, AREPO, GIZMO

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