A perspective of the epidemiology of malaria and anaemia and their impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes in Sudan
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Both malaria and anaemia have adverse effects on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Thus there is an urgent need to investigate the co-epidemiology of malaria and anaemia and their combined impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes in the different regions of Sudan Methodology: Various cross-sectional and case control studies conducted during the years 2003-2010 to investigate the epidemiology of malaria and anaemia and their impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes in different regions of Sudan were compared. Results: While 13.7% of antenatal attendants in New Halfa had peripheral microscopically detected Plasmodium falciparum malaria, placental malaria (using histological examinations) was prevalent in 32.0-40% and 19.5% of parturient women in New Halfa and Gadarif Hospitals, respectively. Malaria was a risk factor for anaemia in New Halfa and for stillbirths in Omdurman Maternity Hospital. Anaemia was present in 52.5%, 62.6% and 80.2% of pregnant women in Medani, New Halfa, and Gadarif Hospitals, respectively. In Gadarif, 57.3% of pregnant women had a folate deficiency, while 1% had a vitamin B12, deficiency. In Medani, zinc and copper deficiencies were detected in 45.0% and 4% of pregnant women, respectively. Anaemia was a risk factor for low birth weight in Al-Fashir, for fetal anaemia in New Halfa, and for stillbirth in Kassala Hospital. Conclusion: More care should be taken to ensure proper nutrition and malaria prevention such as bed nets and intermittent preventive treatments to avoid these diseases and their effects on maternal and perinatal outcomes.
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Low birth weight due to intrauterine growth retardation is associated with maternal anaemia and elevated levels of cytokines.
“LBW due to IUGR is associated with maternal anaemia,83,85 and elevated levels of cytokines.70”
From Malaria in pregnancy. (2013) · cites this paper as [85]
The Discussion reports that maternal anaemia was a risk factor for low birth weight. It does not specify that the low birth weight was due to intrauterine growth retardation. The elevated-cytokines clause has a separate citation and is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPregnant Sudanese women are at risk of malaria regardless of their age or parity, and malaria is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
“Pregnant Sudanese women are at risk of malaria regardless of their age or parity and malaria is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes [18].”
From Reliability of rapid diagnostic test for diagnosing peripheral and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Eastern Sudan (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Adam, I., Elhassan, E. M., Haggaz, A. E. D., Ali, A. A. A., & Adam, G. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Khartoum (SD)
- University of Gezira (SD)
- Kassala University (SD)
- Gadarif University (SD)
- Venue
- The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
- Published
- 2010-10-08
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 02
- Pages
- 83-87
- ISSN
- 1972-2680 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1975228404
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- malaria, anemia, maternal outcomes, perinatal outcomes, placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, pregnancy, stillbirth, low birth weight, fetal anemia, micronutrient deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, zinc deficiency, copper deficiency, Sudan
- MeSH terms
- Anemia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Mortality, Plasmodium falciparum, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Sudan, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Malaria, Falciparum, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Perinatal Mortality
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