Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan

Mohammed, Amal H; Salih, Magdi M; Elhassan, Elhassan M; Mohmmed, Ahmed A; Elzaki, Salah E; El-Sayed, Badria B; Adam, Ishag

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-172

Cited by 59Malaria Research and ControlPregnancy and preeclampsia studiesHemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders

Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan

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Mohammed, Amal H, Salih, Magdi M, Elhassan, Elhassan M, Mohmmed, Ahmed A, Elzaki, Salah E, El-Sayed, Badria B, Adam, Ishag·2013·Malaria Journal

DOI 10.1186/1475-2875-12-172PMC PMC3671167

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Abstract

Background: Malaria, which frequently occurs in pregnant women in the tropics, is a leading cause of maternal anaemia and low birth weight (LBW) in infants. Few data exist concerning malaria infections that are present at submicroscopic levels during pregnancy and their LBW delivery in babies. Methods: A case–control study (87 in each group) was conducted at the Medani Hospital, Central Sudan. Cases were women who had LBW deliveries where the infants weighed < 2,500 g. Controls were parturient women without having LBW babies. Obstetrical and medical characteristics were gathered from both groups through structured questionnaires. Both cases and controls were investigated for malaria using microscopic blood film analysis, placental histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microscopic and PCR analyses were conducted on maternal peripheral blood, placenta, and umbilical cord samples. Infant weights were recorded immediately after birth. Results: Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood films were not obtained from any of the women (cases or controls). Twenty-seven (31.0%) versus 22 (25.3%) (P = 0.500) of the cases and controls, respectively, had placental malaria infections as determined by histological examination. In comparison to the controls, the submicroscopic malaria infection prevalence rates were significantly higher in the cases; 24 (27.6%) vs six (7.0%), P < 0.001. Multivariate analysis showed that while malaria infection of the placenta (based on histology) was not associated with LBW, submicroscopic P. falciparum infection (OR = 6.89, 95% CI = 2.2–20.8; P = 0.001), or a combination of histologically determined and submicroscopic infections (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.2–4.9; P = 0.012), were significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion: In Central Sudan, pregnant women were at a higher risk of having an LBW delivery if they had submicroscopic infections rather than a histological diagnosis of placental malaria.

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Data are conflicting about the impact of submicroscopic infections on LBW; some studies suggest increased risk and others no association.
“Similarly, the data are conflicting about the impact of submicroscopic infections on LBW; some studies suggest an increased risk 16,24 in the setting of submicroscopic infections and others no association. 20-23”
From What is the burden of submicroscopic malaria in pregnancy in central India? (2015) · cites this paper as [24]

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RESEARCH Open Access
Malaria, S. P. F., Mohammed, A. H., Salih, M. M., Elhassan, E. M., Mohmmed, A. A., Elzaki, S. E., El-Sayed, B., & Adam, I. (2014)
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Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy, in an area of Sudan with a low intensity of malaria transmission
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Self-citation

Authors: Mohammed, A. H., Salih, M. M., Elhassan, E. M., Mohmmed, A. A., Elzaki, S. E., El-Sayed, B. B., & Adam, I.
Affiliations: University of Khartoum (SD)
University of Gezira (SD)
National Ribat University (SD)
National Centre for Research (Sudan) (SD)
Corresponding author: Adam, Ishag
ORCID: Salih, Magdi M
Elhassan, Elhassan M
Adam, Ishag
Venue: Malaria Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-05-28
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 172-172
ISSN: 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-172
PMC: PMC3671167
OpenAlex: W2156168076
Cited by: 59
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 6.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Greater South Information System
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, submicroscopic malaria infection, low birth weight, placental malaria, pregnancy, maternal malaria, placental histology, unstable malaria transmission, Central Sudan
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Male, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Sudan, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Malaria, Falciparum, Young Adult

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Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan

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