The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review)
Open accessAbstract
The side effects of systemic chemotherapy used to treat cancer are often severe. For decades, oncologists have focused on treating the tumor, which may result in damage to the tumor‑bearing host and its immune system. Recently, much attention has been paid to the immune system of patients and its activation via biological therapies. Biological therapies, including immunotherapy and oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, are often more physiological and well tolerated. The present review elucidated how these therapies work and why these therapies may be better tolerated: i) In contrast to chemotherapy, immunotherapies induce a memory function of the adaptive immunity system; ii) immunotherapies aim to specifically activate the immune system against cancer; side effects are low due to immune tolerance mechanisms, which maintain the integrity of the body in the presence of B and T lymphocytes with their antigen‑receptor specificities and; iii) the type I interferon response, which is evoked by OVs, is an ancient innate immune defense system. Biological and physiological therapies, which support the immune system, may therefore benefit cancer treatment. The present review focused on immunotherapy, with the aim of reducing side effects and increasing long‑lasting efficacy in cancer therapy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81683-9 · Cited by 29,219
Adverse Renal Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
Wanchoo, R., Karam, S., Uppal, N. N., Barta, V. S., Deray, G., Devoe, C., Launay-Vacher, V., Jhaveri, K. D., & on behalf of Cancer and Kidney International Network Workgroup on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2017) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000455014 · Cited by 15,256
(1968) · American Association of Industrial Nurses Journal · doi:10.1177/216507996801601208 · Cited by 8,798
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
Wolchok, J. D., Kluger, H., Callahan, M. K., Postow, M. A., Rizvi, N. A., Lesokhin, A. M., Segal, N. H., Ariyan, C. E., Gordon, R.-A., Reed, K., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1302369 · Cited by 4,230 · cited 6×
“The side effects of these two approaches, however, were different: Grade 0-2 for the vaccination study compared with grade 1-4 for the ICB study.”
InfluentialIntratumoral T Cells, Recurrence, and Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Zhang, L., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Katsaros, D., Gimotty, P. A., Massobrio, M., Regnani, G., Makrigiannakis, A., Gray, H., Schlienger, K., Liebman, M. N., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020177 · Cited by 3,397
Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Therapy
Kroemer, G., Galluzzi, L., Kepp, O., & Zitvogel, L. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-100008 · Cited by 3,303
Regulation of type I interferon responses
Ivashkiv, L. B., & Donlin, L. T. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3581 · Cited by 3,297
Central Memory and Effector Memory T Cell Subsets: Function, Generation, and Maintenance
Sallusto, F., Geginat, J., & Lanzavecchia, A. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702 · Cited by 3,067
Cellular and Molecular Immunology
Denman, A. M. (1992) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.798.305 · Cited by 2,800
Fehrenbacher, L., Spira, A., Ballinger, M., Kowanetz, M., Vansteenkiste, J., Mazieres, J., Park, K., Smith, D., Artal-Cortes, A., Lewanski, C., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00587-0 · Cited by 2,756
Cited by
Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Galluzzi, L., Humeau, J., Buqué, A., Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G. (2020) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0413-z · Cited by 1,349
Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety
Xu, L., Wang, Y.-Y., Huang, J., Chen, C.-Y., Wang, Z.-X., & Xie, H. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.45413 · Cited by 1,315
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Lo, L., Bartholomaeus, J., Kopsaftis, Z., Carey, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w · Cited by 510
1,2,3‐Triazole hybrids as anticancer agents: A review
Alam, M. M. (2022) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.202100158 · Cited by 312
Liposomal Nanomedicine: Applications for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Rommasi, F., & Esfandiari, N. (2021) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/s11671-021-03553-8 · Cited by 269
Metadata
- Authors
- Schirrmacher, V.
- Venue
- International Journal of Oncology
- Publisher
- Spandidos Publications
- Published
- 2018-12-10
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 407-419
- ISSN
- 1019-6439 (ISSN-L)
- 1791-2423
- OpenAlex
- W2905111869
- Cited by
- 1,296
- References
- 91
- FWCI
- 26.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3892/ijo.2018.4661
- The paper
- Schirrmacher, V. (2018). From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review). International Journal of Oncology. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4661
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.