Risk of endometrial cancer in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A meta‑analysis
Open accessAbstract
While existing literature suggests an association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer, the sparsity and inconsistency of current evidence indicates a lack of clarity regarding the exact strength of this association. It also remains uncertain whether the degree of risk of disease is affected by confounding factors, such as age and body mass index (BMI). The present meta‑analysis is aimed to quantify the risk of endometrial cancer in female subjects with PCOS compared to those without PCOS. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane were searched from inception to October 31, 2022, to identify peer‑reviewed case‑control, cohort and cross‑sectional studies that assessed the association between endometrial cancer and PCOS and contained original data. Two researchers independently extracted data and performed quality assessment using the Newcastle‑Ottawa criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using the random‑effect model and inverse variance. The degree of heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. A total of 10 relevant studies were identified and included in the meta‑analysis (comprising 12,248 female patients with PCOS and 54,120 controls). Females with PCOS had a significantly increased odds of developing endometrial cancer as compared to those without PCOS [OR, 4.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13‑7.78; P<0.0001]. When postmenopausal subjects (age, >54 years) were excluded from the meta‑analysis, the odds increased further (OR, 5.14; 95% CI, 3.22‑8.21; P<0.00001). Patients with PCOS are up to 5 times more likely to develop endometrial cancer compared to those without PCOS. Larger, prospective studies that are well‑controlled for confounding factors, such as BMI, are required.
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The prevalence of endometrial cancer has been reported to be increased 3-5 fold in those with PCOS in the postmenopause years, and an increased risk for ovarian cancer has been reported in younger women with PCOS in the premenopause years.
“The prevalence of endometrial cancer has been reported to be increased 3-5 fold in those with PCOS in the postmenopause years, and an increased risk for ovarian cancer has been reported in younger women with PCOS in the premenopause years.6,123, 124, 125”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [125]
The Results (Data analysis; page not provided) report approximately fourfold higher odds of endometrial cancer in women with PCOS overall, supporting the magnitude of that part of the claim. The paper does not assign that estimate specifically to postmenopausal women: it reports approximately fivefold higher odds after excluding them. No passage found in the paper reports increased ovarian-cancer risk in younger women with PCOS. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Johnson, J.-E., Daley, D., Tarta, C., & Stanciu, P.
- Affiliations
- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- Department X, 2nd Surgical Clinic, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Corresponding author
- Daley, Diandra
- Venue
- Oncology Letters
- Publisher
- Spandidos Publications
- Published
- 2023-03-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 168-168
- ISSN
- 1792-1074 (ISSN-L)
- 1792-1082
- PMC
- PMC10028221
- OpenAlex
- W4323565226
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 18.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Oncology Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial cancer, cancer risk, body mass index, postmenopausal women, confounding factors
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