Polycystic ovary syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Despite affecting ~11-13% of women globally, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a substantially understudied condition. PCOS, possibly extending to men's health, imposes a considerable health and economic burden worldwide. Diagnosis in adults follows the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, requiring two out of three criteria - clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or specific ovarian morphological characteristics or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone. However, diagnosing adolescents omits ovarian morphology and anti-Müllerian hormone considerations. PCOS, marked by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, strongly contributes to early-onset type 2 diabetes, with increased odds for cardiovascular diseases. Reproduction-related implications include irregular menstrual cycles, anovulatory infertility, heightened risks of pregnancy complications and endometrial cancer. Beyond physiological manifestations, PCOS is associated with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, psychosexual dysfunction and negative body image, collectively contributing to diminished health-related quality of life in patients. Despite its high prevalence persisting into menopause, diagnosing PCOS often involves extended timelines and multiple health-care visits. Treatment remains ad hoc owing to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for research delineating the aetiology and pathophysiology of the syndrome. Identifying factors contributing to PCOS will pave the way for personalized medicine approaches. Additionally, exploring novel biomarkers, refining diagnostic criteria and advancing treatment modalities will be crucial in enhancing the precision and efficacy of interventions that will positively impact the lives of patients.
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The effect of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Lim, S. S., Norman, R. J., Davies, M. J., & Moran, L. J. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01053.x · Cited by 539 · see citing works
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Self-citationForslund, M., Landin-Wilhelmsen, K., Trimpou, P., Schmidt, J., Brännström, M., & Dahlgren, E. (2020) · Human Reproduction Open · doi:10.1093/hropen/hoz042 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ajorlouie, Z., Moshkian, P., Baghdadi, G., Amiri, R., Biglari, F., & Rahimlou, M. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01067-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Internet of Things: A Scoping Review
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Yang, M., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Qian, W., & Tang, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1499705 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stener-Victorin, E., Teede, H., Norman, R. J., Legro, R., Goodarzi, M. O., Dokras, A., Laven, J., Hoeger, K., & Piltonen, T. T.
- Affiliations
- Monash Health (AU)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2024-04-18
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-27
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4394931560
- Cited by
- 495
- References
- 308
- Citations by year
- 2026: 234 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 42 · 2019: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 34.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.eur.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Karolinska Institutet (2020-00990)
- Novo Nordisk
- Stockholms Läns Landsting
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF21OC0070372, NNF22OC0072904, NNF18OC0033992, NNF19OC0056647)
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (2009326)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, anovulatory infertility, pregnancy complications, endometrial cancer, mental health, quality of life, anti-Müllerian hormone, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, biomarkers, personalized medicine, menopause
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pregnancy, Quality of Life, Hyperandrogenism, Anti-Mullerian Hormone
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