Cited by 277Skin Protection and AgingAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

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β-Carotene and other carotenoids in protection from sunlight

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Stahl, Wilhelm, Sies, Helmut·2012·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Abstract

Protection against skin damage from sunlight by nutritional means has been examined. Likewise, there has been work on the topical application of phytochemicals to the skin. This review focuses on the nutritional aspect of phytochemicals in humans-ie, the provision of carotenoid micronutrients by dietary means to the skin and their role in protection. Human intervention studies have documented protective effects for β-carotene or for lycopene provided either by a carotenoid-rich diet or by supplementation. In exposed tissues, light induces primary and secondary photooxidative processes. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species is considered to be a mechanism of action underlying the protective activity of carotenoids. However, food comprises a complex mixture of numerous constituents, so that other components may also contribute to the observed activity. Molecules with suitable structures absorb UV light and prevent direct damage of cellular targets. Phytoene and phytofluene are precursor molecules of higher unsaturated carotenoids and occur in various fruit and vegetables. Their absorption spectra cover the UVB and UVA range, respectively, thus potentially contributing to photoprotective effects of carotenoid-rich food. Because of the physiologic turnover time of skin, several weeks are required for protective effects to appear. Photoprotection through individual dietary components such as β-carotene or lycopene in terms of sun protection factor is considerably lower than that achieved by using topical sunscreens. However, an optimal supply of antioxidant micronutrients in the skin increases basal dermal defense against UV irradiation, supports longer-term protection, and contributes to maintenance of skin health and appearance.

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Authors: Stahl, W., & Sies, H.
Affiliations: Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine (DE)
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
ORCID: Stahl, Wilhelm
Sies, Helmut
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-11
Volume: 96
Issue: 5
Pages: 1179S-1184S
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034819
OpenAlex: W2098044919
Cited by: 277
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3767 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords: beta-carotene, lycopene, carotenoids, photoprotection, sun protection, dietary supplementation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, phytoene, phytofluene, skin health, antioxidant micronutrients, sunscreen
MeSH terms: Carotenoids, Humans, Skin, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, beta Carotene, Sun Protection Factor

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β-Carotene and other carotenoids in protection from sunlight

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