Lycopene: A Biologically Important Carotenoid for Humans?
Abstract
Lycopene is a carotenoid present in human blood (approximately 0.5 micromol/liter plasma), and the tissue levels vary from 1 nmol/g wet wt in adipose tissue to up to 20 nmol/g wet wt in adrenals and testes. Its biological activities include antioxidant activity (singlet oxygen quenching and peroxyl radical scavenging), induction of cell-cell communication, and growth control, but no provitamin A activity. Epidemiological studies suggest protective effects of lycopene on some types of cancer, e.g., prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies on growth of tumor cells support this conclusion. The major sources of lycopene for the human are tomatoes and tomato products, and bioavailability from different food items varies considerably. Lycopene oxidation products have recently been identified in human serum. Suggested health effects of lycopene require further investigation.
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The level of lycopene normally observed in human plasma is on the order of 0.5 μM even with dietary supplementation.
“The level of lycopene normally observed in human plasma is on the order of 0.5 μM even with dietary supplementation [20, 52, 53].”
From The Effect of Lycopene Preexposure on UV‐B‐Irradiated Human Keratinocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
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Visioli, F., Riso, P., Grande, S., Galli, C., & Porrini, M. (2003) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-003-0415-5 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“carotenoid found in tomatoes, guava, watermelon and pink grapefruit [8, 13 ].”
BackgroundEffect of tomato paste and nitrite level on processing and quality characteristics of frankfurters
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Kim, C., Choung, J., & Chamberlain, D. G. (1999) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199909)79:12 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Dietary Lycopene: Its Properties and Anticarcinogenic Effects
Singh, P., & Goyal, G. (2008) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00044.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Rissanen, T. H., Voutilainen, S., Nyyssönen, K., Lakka, T. A., Sivenius, J., Salonen, R. M., Kaplan, G. A., & Salonen, J. T. (2001) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2001357 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Carotenoids have been shown to act as antioxidants (Stahl & Sies, 1996; Clinton, 1998), and lycopene may be an even more potent antioxidant than a - or b -carotene (Di Mascio et al. 1989).”
Jewell, C., & O’Brien, N. M. (1999) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114599000434 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“Lycopene (LY) exhibits the highest singlet oxygen quenching activity (Stahl & Sies, 1996) and has also been shown to increase communication of growth regulatory signals between cells (Zhanget al. 1992).”
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Functional foods and their role in cancer prevention and health promotion: a comprehensive review.
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Protective Effect of Lycopene on Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative DNA Damage in Cell Culture
Matos, H. R., Mascio, P. D., & de Medeiros, M. H. G. (2000) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2035 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stahl, W., & Sies, H.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Sies, Helmut
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 336
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981682289
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 11.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Keywords
- lycopene, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, singlet oxygen quenching, peroxyl radical scavenging, intercellular communication, growth regulation, chemoprevention, prostate cancer, tissue distribution, bioavailability, tomato, human serum
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Diet, Humans, Tissue Distribution, beta Carotene
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