Cited by 434Nutritional Studies and DietProbiotics and Fermented FoodsFood composition and properties

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Open access

Aune, Dagfinn, Norat, Teresa, Romundstad, Pål, Vatten, Lars J·2013·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background The association between intake of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is not conclusive.Objective We conducted an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of dairy product intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes.Design We searched the PubMed database for prospective cohort and nested case-control studies of dairy product intake and risk of type 2 diabetes up to 5 June 2013. Summary RRs were estimated by use of a random-effects model.Results Seventeen cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the dose-response analysis, the summary RRs (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.87, 0.99; I(2) = 33%) per 400 g total dairy products/d (n = 12), 0.98 (0.94, 1.03; I(2) = 8%) per 200 g high-fat dairy products/d (n = 9), 0.91 (0.86, 0.96; I(2) = 40%) per 200 g low-fat dairy products/d (n = 9), 0.87 (0.72, 1.04; I(2) = 94%) per 200 g milk/d (n = 7), 0.92 (0.86, 0.99; I(2) = 0%) per 50 g cheese/d (n = 8), and 0.78 (0.60, 1.02; I(2) = 70%) per 200 g yogurt/d (n = 7). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed for total dairy products (P-nonlinearity < 0.0001), low-fat dairy products (P-nonlinearity = 0.06), cheese (P-nonlinearity = 0.05), and yogurt (P-nonlinearity = 0.004), and there was a flattening of the curve at higher intakes.Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that there is a significant inverse association between intakes of dairy products, low-fat dairy products, and cheese and risk of type 2 diabetes. Any additional studies should assess the association between other specific types of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes and adjust for more confounding factors.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3945/ajcn.113.059030

Cites

60 of 60 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040
Ogurtsova, K., Fernandes, J. D. D. R., Huang, Y., Linnenkamp, U., Guariguata, L., Cho, N. H., Cavan, D. A., Shaw, J. E., & Makaroff, L. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.024 · Cited by 7,138
IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030
Whiting, D. R., Guariguata, L., Weil, C., & Shaw, J. E. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.029 · Cited by 4,018
Methods for Trend Estimation from Summarized Dose-Response Data, with Applications to Meta-Analysis
Greenland, S., & Longnecker, M. P. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237 · Cited by 2,353
The Role of Vitamin D and Calcium in Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Pittas, A. G., Lau, J., Hu, F. B., & Dawson-Hughes, B. F. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0298 · Cited by 2,048
Dairy Consumption, Obesity, and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study
Pereira, M. A., Jacobs, Jr., Van Horn, L., Slattery, M. L., Kartashov, A. I., & Ludwig, D. S. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.16.2081 · Cited by 1,102
Dietary Intake and the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome
Lutsey, P. L., Steffen, L. M., & Stevens, J. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.716159 · Cited by 841
Vitamin D and Calcium Intake in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Pittas, A. G., Dawson‐Hughes, B., Li, T., van Dam, R. M., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1961 · Cited by 837

Show all 59 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 434

Associations between dairy intake and metabolic risk parameters in a healthy French-Canadian population
Silva, M. S. D., Julien, P., Couture, P., Lemieux, S., Vohl, M., & Rudkowska, I. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0154 · Cited by 22
Changes in dairy product consumption and subsequent type 2 diabetes among individuals with prediabetes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Yuzbashian, E., Asghari, G., Mirmiran, P., Chan, C. B., & Azizi, F. (2021) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00745-x · Cited by 26
“Yogurt consumption, regardless of fat content, was associated with a lower risk of T2D expressed in meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies [12, 28].”
BackgroundResult
Yogurt and Health
Fernandez, M. A., Picard‐Deland, É., Barz, M. L., Daniel, N., & Marette, A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802309-9.00013-3 · Cited by 25
Current Research in Fermented Foods: Bridging Tradition and Science
Sampsell, K., Marcolla, C. S., Tapping, S., Fan, Y., Sánchez-Lafuente, C. L., Willing, B. P., Reimer, R. A., & Burton, J. P. (2025) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100554 · Cited by 28
“These data corroborate findings from a 2013 meta-analysis showing an inverse relationship between yogurt intake and T2DM risk, which plateaus at ~120 to 140 g/d [25].”
The effect of high compared with low dairy consumption on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility in overweight adults: a randomized crossover trial
Eelderink, C., Rietsema, S., van Vliet, I. M. Y., Loef, L. C., Boer, T. S., Koehorst, M., Nolte, I. M., Westerhuis, R., Singh‐Povel, C. M., Geurts, J. M. W., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz017 · Cited by 22
Milk and Dairy Products and Their Impact on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Fertility—A Potential Role in the Diet of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Janiszewska, J., Ostrowska, J., & Szostak-Węgierek, D. E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113491 · Cited by 26
“systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and cohort studies [32,34,35], which indicated that milk product consumption was inversely correlated with the risk of T2DM in women.”
BackgroundMethod
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement, Narrative Review
Kolovou, G. D., Watts, G. F., Mikhailidis, D. P., Pérez‐Martínez, P., Mora, S., Bilianou, H. I., Panotopoulos, G., Katsiki, N., Ooi, T. C., López‐Miranda, J., et al. (2019) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161117666190503123911 · Cited by 23
Cooperative action of bioactive components in milk fat with PPARs may explain its anti-diabetogenic properties
Parodi, P. W. (2016) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.028 · Cited by 23
Dairy products and chronic kidney disease: protective or harmful? a systematic review of prospective cohort studies
Eslami, O., & Shidfar, F. (2018) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.047 · Cited by 22
Science dialogue mapping of knowledge and knowledge gaps related to the effects of dairy intake on human cardiovascular health and disease
Brown, A. W., Kaiser, K. A., Keitt, A. W., Fontaine, K. R., Gibson, M., Gower, B. A., Shikany, J. M., Vorland, C. J., Beitz, D. C., Bier, D. M., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1722941 · Cited by 21
Nutrition myths and healthy dietary advice in clinical practice.
Lesser, L. I., Mazza, M. C., & Lucan, S. C. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Calcium-Deficiency during Pregnancy Affects Insulin Resistance in Offspring
Takaya, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22137008 · Cited by 24
“List of Abbreviations: Ca calcium DM2 type 2 diabetes mellitus GR glucocorticoid receptor Gla-OC carboxylated osteocalcin Glu-OC undercarboxylated osteocalcin HOMA-IR Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance HOMA-β% Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta-cell function 11β-HSD1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-…”
BackgroundInfluential
Dairy products consumption in Brazil is associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors: Results from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009
Possa, G., de Castro, M. A., Sichieri, R., Fisberg, R. M., & Fisberg, M. (2017) · Revista de Nutrição · doi:10.1590/1678-98652017000100008 · Cited by 20
If You Don’t Eat Meat… You’ll Die. A Mixed-Method Survey of Health-Professionals’ Beliefs
McHugh, P., Smith, M., Wright, N., Bush, S., & Pullon, S. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11123028 · Cited by 20
“Conversely, research has also shown diets high in dairy consumption to be associated with either neutral or slightly decreased risks for type II diabetes [29] and coronary heart disease [30], and decreased risk for colon cancer [31].”
Background
A dietary pattern rich in fruits and dairy products is inversely associated to gestational diabetes: a case-control study in Iran
Roustazadeh, A., Mir, H., Jafarirad, S., Mogharab, F., Hosseini, S. A., Abdoli, A., & Erfanian, S. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00707-8 · Cited by 19
“BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; DASH: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension; FFQ: Food frequency questionnaire; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; KMO test: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test; PCA: Principal component analysis; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus”
BackgroundInfluential
Does daily dietary intake affect diabetic retinopathy progression? 10-year results from the 45 and Up Study
Yan, X., Han, X., Wu, C., Keel, S., Shang, X., Zhang, L., & He, M. (2019) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312990 · Cited by 19
Optimization of wheat dextrin yogurt formulation using response surface methodology
Nazni, P., & Nair, S. S. (2020) · Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13197-020-04683-0 · Cited by 19
Effectiveness of Dietary Policies to Reduce Noncommunicable Diseases
Afshin, A., Micha, R., Webb, M., Capewell, S., Whitsel, L. P., Rubinstein, A. L., Prabhakaran, D., Suhrcke, M., & Mozaffarian, D. (2017) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9_ch6 · Cited by 19
Milk and dairy products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
Holven, K. B., & Sonestedt, E. (2024) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10486 · Cited by 20
Physical Activity
Moghaddam, G. K., & Lowe, C. R. (2018) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01557-2_2 · Cited by 21
Dairy foods and cardiometabolic diseases: an update and a reassessment of the impact of SFA
Givens, D. I. (2023) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665123000083 · Cited by 21
Functionality of cow milk naturally enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols in diets for diabetic rats
Yoshimura, E. H., Santos, N. W., Machado, E., Agustinho, B. C., Pereira, L. M., de Aguiar, S. C., de Sá‐Nakanishi, A. B., da Mareze-da-Costa, C. E. M., & Zeoula, L. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195839 · Cited by 18
l-Cysteine supplementation reduces high-glucose and ketone-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by inhibiting ROS
Marie, P. K., & Jain, S. K. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-014-2009-3 · Cited by 18
Biomarkers of fatty acids and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Chen, G., Li, Y., Zeng, F., Deng, G., Liang, J., Wang, J., Su, Y., Chen, Y., Mao, L., Liu, Z., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1784839 · Cited by 17
Cheese as a functional food for older adults: comparing the bioactive properties of different cheese matrices following simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion
Plante, A. M., McCarthy, A. L., & O’Halloran, F. (2020) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2020.1825644 · Cited by 17
“2017) and diabetes with 50–60 g/day (Aune et al. 2013).”
Background
The Role of Bovine and Non-Bovine Milk in Cardiometabolic Health: Should We Raise the “Baa”?
Penhaligan, J., Poppitt, S. D., & Miles-Chan, J. L. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14020290 · Cited by 18
Habitual Yogurt Consumption and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study
López‐García, E., León-Muñoz, L. M., Guallar‐Castillón, P., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.013 · Cited by 17
Protective role of dairy and its constituents on vascular function independent of blood pressure-lowering activities
Ballard, K. D., & Bruno, R. S. (2014) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuu013 · Cited by 18
The effect of dietary counselling on food intakes in pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial RADIEL
Valkama, A., Koivusalo, S. B., Lindström, J., Meinilä, J. M., Kautiainen, H., Stach‐Lempinen, B., Rönö, K., Klemetti, M. M., Pöyhönen‐Alho, M., Tiitinen, A. E., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.205 · Cited by 18
Sickeningly Sweet: Does Sugar Cause Chronic Disease? No
Sievenpiper, J. L. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.006 · Cited by 19
“For example, cakes and cookies (39) and sherbet (40) have shown no association with diabetes, while whole fruit (41), yogourt (40), whole-grain cereals (42) and ice cream (40) have even shown protective associations with diabetes (Figure 1).”
Background
Daily Yogurt Consumption Improves Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Nondiabetic Japanese Subjects with Type-2 Diabetes Risk Alleles
Watanabe, D., Kuranuki, S., Sunto, A., Matsumoto, N., & Nakamura, T. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10121834 · Cited by 17
“Some epidemiologic studies have shown that the intake of dairy products, such as milk and yogurt, may protect against diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome [3,4].”
Les effets des nutriments dépendent-ils des aliments qui les portent ? L’effet matrice
Lecerf, J. M., & Legrand, P. (2015) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/j.cnd.2014.12.003 · Cited by 17
Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome
Banjarnahor, R. L., Arjmand, E. J., Onni, A. T., Thomassen, L. M., Perillo, M., Balakrishna, R., Sletten, I. S. K., Lorenzini, A., Plastina, P., & Fadnes, L. T. (2025) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.021 · Cited by 23
Associations between food consumption habits with meal intake behaviour in Spanish adults
Keller, K., López, S. R., Moreno, M. M. C., & Cantero, P. A. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.012 · Cited by 15
Kefir Beverage and Its Effects on Health
Noğay, N. H. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815504-2.00008-6 · Cited by 15
Impact of a High Intake of Dairy Product on Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperinsulinemic Adults: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
O'Connor, S. E., Julien, P., Weisnagel, S. J., Gagnon, C., & Rudkowska, I. (2019) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz083 · Cited by 20
Association between Dietary Patterns and Kidney Function Parameters in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Syauqy, A., Hsu, C., Lee, H.-A., Rau, H.-H., & Chao, J. C.-J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010040 · Cited by 19
Higher body mass index and lower intake of dairy products predict poor glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes patients in Malaysia
Shu, P. S., Chan, Y. M., & Huang, S. L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172231 · Cited by 15
Full-Fat Dairy Food Intake is Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Diabetes Among American Indians with Low Total Dairy Food Intake
Kummer, K., Jensen, P. N., Kratz, M., Lemaître, R. N., Howard, B. V., Cole, S. A., & Fretts, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxz058 · Cited by 16
“Results of meta-analyses are similarly conflicting (19, 22), likely because of underlying differences in diet or other health behaviors across populations studied, or differences in diet ascertainment methods.”
Background
Dairy consumption and risk of type-2 diabetes: the untold story
Gudi, S. K. (2020) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2040074.037 · Cited by 14
Regular Fat and Reduced Fat Dairy Products Show Similar Associations with Markers of Adolescent Cardiometabolic Health
O’Sullivan, T. A., Bremner, A., Mori, T. A., Beilin, L. J., Wilson, C., Hafekost, K., Ambrosini, G. L., Huang, R. C., & Oddy, W. H. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8010022 · Cited by 14
Setting the Lipid Component of the Diet: A Work in Process
Razo-Olvera, F. M. D., Melgarejo-Hernández, M. A., Mehta, R., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2017) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.116.013672 · Cited by 15
“These results agree with pooled analyses of observational studies that found beneficial or neutral associations between CVDs and total dairy, low-fat dairy, whole-fat dairy, milk, and cheese (41, 42).”
Result
Variable Glycemic Responses to Intact and Hydrolyzed Milk Proteins in Overweight and Obese Adults Reveal the Need for Precision Nutrition
Curran, A. M., Horner, K. M., O’Sullivan, V., Nongonierma, A. B., Maux, S. L., Murphy, E. G., Kelly, P. M., Fitzgerald, R. J., & Brennan, L. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy226 · Cited by 14
Differential associations between diet and prediabetes or diabetes in the KORA FF4 study
Breuninger, T. A., Riedl, A., Wawro, N., Rathmann, W., Strauch, K., Quante, A. S., Peters, A., Thorand, B., Meisinger, C., & Linseisen, J. (2018) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2018.25 · Cited by 14
“A number of meta-analyses have also found a significant inverse association between dairy products and the risk of diabetes((33,37,48)).”
Background
Milk consumption patterns and perceptions in Korean adolescents, adults, and the elderly
Park, J., Lee, H. S., Lee, C., & Lee, H.-J. (2019) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.03.011 · Cited by 15
The relationship between hair metabolites, air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study from pre-conception to third trimester
Chen, X., Zhao, X. Y., Jones, M. B., Harper, A., de Seymour, J. V., Yang, Y., Xia, Y., Zhang, T., Qi, H., Gulliver, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1060309 · Cited by 13
Association between pre-pregnancy body weight and dietary pattern with large-for-gestational-age infants in gestational diabetes
Munda, A., Erjavec, M. S., Molan, K., Avguštin, J. A., Žgur‐Bertok, D., & Barlovič, D. P. (2019) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-019-0463-5 · Cited by 16
The associations between individual plasma SFAs, serine palmitoyl-transferase long-chain base subunit 3 gene rs680379 polymorphism, and type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults
Luo, C., Liu, H., Wang, X., Xia, L., Huang, H., Peng, X., Xia, C., & Liu, L. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab102 · Cited by 13
Prospects in development of quality rice for human nutrition
Se, C., Khor, B., & Karupaiah, T. (2015) · Cited by 13
Fermented food: Should patients with cardiometabolic diseases go back to an early neolithic diet?
Mafra, D., Borges, N. A., Alvarenga, L., Ribeiro, M., Fonseca, L., Leal, V. O., Shiels, P. G., & Stenvinkel, P. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2077300 · Cited by 13
“…evidence indicates that yoghurt has the best positive impact on the risk of T2D (Gille et al. 2018), other dairy products, such as cheese (Aune et al. 2013; Gao et al. 2013), fermented milk (Aune et al. 2013; Drouin-Chartier et al. 2016) and milk (Jakubowicz and Froy 2013; Rice et al.…”
BackgroundInfluential
Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of yogurt consumers in Italy: Results from the INRAN-SCAI 2005-06 survey
D’Addezio, L., Mistura, L., Sette, S., & Turrini, A. (2015) · Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.3233/mnm-150043 · Cited by 13
Consumption of different animal-based foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective studies
Giosuè, A., Calabrese, I., Riccardi, G., Vaccaro, O., & Vitale, M. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110071 · Cited by 14
Association between dairy intake and risk of incident dementia: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study
Lu, Y., Sugawara, Y., & Tsuji, I. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03189-7 · Cited by 12
“For example, higher yogurt intake was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes [33] and hypertension [34], which are considered as important risk factors for AD.”
Background
Dairy Products Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Khoramdad, M., Alimohamadi, Y., Safiri, S., Pakzad, R., Shakiba, E., Shafiei, J., & Firouzi, A. (2017) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.14140 · Cited by 13
“Search Strategy The current paper searched through databases of PubMed (February 1992 to March 2016), Science Direct (April 1870 to December 2015), Scopus (May 1986 to March 2016), and Web of Science (April 1870 to March 2016); the searching method used the keywords (“dairy” OR “milk” OR “cheese” OR “butter” OR “cream…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Milk Nutritive Role and Potential Benefits in Human Health
Pereira, P. M. D. C. C., & Vicente, F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809762-5.00013-9 · Cited by 12
Consumption of Dairy Products in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese People: The Henan Rural Cohort Study and an Updated Meta-Analysis
Fan, M., Li, Y., Wang, C., Mao, Z., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Cui, S., & Li, L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123827 · Cited by 13
“An evidence-based review suggested that cumulative average consumption of total dairy was 363 g/day and the dose–response relationship was analyzed in units of 200 g/day; this study concluded that 300–400 g/day of dairy intake was the optimal dose for T2DM prevention [57].”
BackgroundResult
Serum Elemental Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using SRXRF
Rao, N. S., Raju, G. J. N., Tiwari, M. K., Naidu, B. G., & Sarita, P. (2021) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-021-02762-7 · Cited by 12
The Role of Dietary Habits on Development and Progress of Risk Factors of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases
Curioni, C. C., da Silva, A. C. F., Pereira, A. D. S., & Mocellin, M. C. (2022) · Integrated science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85357-0_5 · Cited by 13
Low calcium intakes among Australian adolescents and young adults are associated with higher consumption of discretionary foods and beverages
Rouf, A. S., Sui, Z., Rangan, A., Grech, A. L., & Allman-Farinelli, M. A. (2018) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.04.005 · Cited by 12
High-Fat Dairy Products May Decrease the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence: A Long-Term Prospective Cohort Study
Gaeini, Z., Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Feyzi, Z., & Azizi, F. (2022) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2022.10.003 · Cited by 12
Role of curd and yogurt in establishment and progression of diabetes through protein glycation and induction of inflammation
Patil, R., Rooge, S. B., Damame, H. H., Haldavnekar, V., & Arvindekar, A. U. (2020) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100829 · Cited by 11
Health-Related Outcomes and Molecular Methods for the Characterization of A1 and A2 Cow’s Milk: Review and Update
Borş, A., Borş, S., & Floriștean, V.-C. (2024) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci11040172 · Cited by 11
“Several studies found that a certain peptide is linked to an increased risk of various health issues, including DM-1, CHD, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders [3,75].”
Background
Elevada prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas entre universitários
Crepaldi, B. V. C., Guimarães, H. P. N., Barbosa, C. D., Molina, L. S., Nogueira, L. M. M., & Soares, L. P. (2016) · Ciência & Saúde · doi:10.15448/1983-652x.2016.3.22938 · Cited by 11
Can diets be both healthy and sustainable? Solving the dilemma between healthy diets versus sustainable diets
Springmann, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811660-9.00013-8 · Cited by 13
Changing dietary approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease
Nestel, P. J., Beilin, L. J., & Mori, T. A. (2020) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000709 · Cited by 11
The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Cholesterol and Aging
Ribeiro, S. M. L., Luz, S. D. S., & de Aquino, R. D. C. (2015) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.010 · Cited by 12
Hypoglycemic Ability of Sericin-Derived Oligopeptides (SDOs) from Bombyx mori Yellow Silk Cocoons and Their Physiological Effects on Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Rats
Tocharus, C., & Sutheerawattananonda, M. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13142184 · Cited by 10
“Several cohort studies have reported a significant inverse relationship between dairy product intake and the risk of T2DM [18,19], whereas the consumption of eggs and fish does not exhibit such a relationship [20,21].”
Background
Dietary pentadecanoic acid supplementation at weaning in essential fatty acid-deficient rats shed light on the new family of odd-chain n-8 PUFAs
Ciesielski, V., Guerbette, T., Fret, L., Succar, M., Launay, Y., Dahirel, P., Legrand, P., Vlach, M., Blat, S., & Rioux, V. (2024) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109814 · Cited by 10
Nutritional and dietary interventions to prolong renal allograft survival after kidney transplantation
Tantisattamo, E., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., & Molnar, M. Z. (2021) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000757 · Cited by 11
“Mechanism associated with an adverse effect of animal protein includes higher nonvolatile acid load, which is associated with declined kidney function [26–28], and greater risk of developing hypertension [29–31] and diabetes [32,33] from animal protein consumption.”
Background
Nutritional and dietary interventions to prolong renal allograft survival after kidney transplantation.
Tantisattamo, E., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., & Molnar, M. Z. (2022) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 10
High-Protein Diet Containing Dairy Products is Associated with Low Body Mass Index and Glucose Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional Study
Giglio, B. M., Duarte, V. I. R., Galvão, A. F., Marini, A. C. B., Schincaglia, R. M., Mota, J. F., de Souza, L. B., & Pimentel, G. D. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11061384 · Cited by 10
“[30], who concluded that dairy products consumption, including cheese, was inversely associated with DM2.”
Background
Theoretical attributable risk analysis and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) based on increased dairy consumption
Cohen, S. S., Bylsma, L. C., Movva, N., & Alexander, D. D. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14042-7 · Cited by 10
“Aune (2013) [39] Type 2 Diabetes 9 High vs.”
Background
Effects of co‐ingesting glucose and whey protein on blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations, and gastric emptying, in older men with and without type 2 diabetes
Oberoi, A., Giezenaar, C., Rigda, R. S., Horowitz, M., Jones, K. L., Chapman, I., & Soenen, S. (2023) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14983 · Cited by 9
Usual intake of dairy products and the chance of pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up
Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., & Azizi, F. (2024) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-024-00257-7 · Cited by 12
“A dose-response meta-analysis of seventeen cohort studies, however, reported a neutral association between high-fat dairy and developing T2D (0.98, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.03) per 200 g high-fat dairy products/d) [28].”
BackgroundInfluential
Cow’s milk may be delivering potentially harmful undetected cargoes to humans. Is it time to reconsider dairy recommendations?
Wehbe, Z., & Kreydiyyeh, S. I. (2021) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab046 · Cited by 9
Diabetes Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Women in a Rural District of Nepal Using HbA1c as a Diagnostic Tool: A Population-Based Study
Yogal, C. M., Shakya, S., Karmarcharya, B., Koju, R., Stunes, A. K., Mosti, M. P., Gustafsson, M. K., Åsvold, B. O., Schei, B., & Syversen, U. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127011 · Cited by 9
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Link between diet, HbA1c and complications
Sami, W., & Ansari, T. (2016) · Australasian Medical Journal · doi:10.4066/amj.2016.2708 · Cited by 10
Protective Effects of Green Tea and Moringa Leave Extracts and Their Bio-Yoghurts against Oxidative Effects of Lead Acetate in Albino Rats
El-Ziney, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science · doi:10.15226/jnhfs.2017.00196 · Cited by 9
“Recent meta-analyses of cohort studies have shown that dairy; mainly the ferments, consumption is related with a lowering risk of heart diseases, high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes [4-7].”
Background
A prospective study of yogurt and other dairy consumption in relation to incidence of type 2 diabetes among black women in the USA
Rosenberg, L. A., Robles, Y., Li, S., Ruiz-Narváez, E., & Palmer, J. R. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa143 · Cited by 9
“Results have generally ranged from null to inverse associations with T2D, with low-fat consumption more often associated with lower risk than regular consumption (6, 7, 9, 12).”
Background
Metabolic syndrome and dairy product consumption: Where do we stand?
Sébédio, J., & Malpuech‐Brugère, C. (2016) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.040 · Cited by 8
Food sources of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar in the Physical Activity and Nutrition for Diabetes in Alberta (PANDA) trial
Asaad, G., & Chan, C. B. (2017) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2017-0266 · Cited by 8
“Two meta-analyses showed no association between dairy saturated fat and the risk of T2D (Chen et al. 2014; Gijsbers et al. 2016)., while other meta-analyses found an inverse association between cheese consumption and risk of T2D (Aune et al. 2013; Gao et al. 2013).”
Background
Effectiveness of Dietary Policies to Reduce Noncommunicable Diseases
Afshin, A., Micha, R., Webb, M., Capewell, S., Whitsel, L. P., Rubinstein, A. L., Prabhakaran, D., Suhrcke, M., & Mozaffarian, D. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9/ch6 · Cited by 8
Differential effects of protein intake versus intake of a defined oligopeptide on FGF-21 in obese human subjects in vivo
Fangmann, D., Geisler, C., Schlicht, K., Hartmann, K., Köpke, J., Tiede, A., Settgast, U., Türk, K., Schulte, D. M., Altmann, K., et al. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.006 · Cited by 8
Executive summary: Updates to the dietary treatment of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fuster, V. P., Pérez, A., Carretero‐Gómez, J., Caixàs, A., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., & Pérez‐Martínez, P. (2021) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2020.11.006 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Dairy Products Subgroups Consumption on the Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Khoramdad, M., Rahimi, M., Cheraghi, Z., Izadi, N., Alimohamadi, Y., Firouzi, A., & Shafiei, J. (2016) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.42064 · Cited by 8
Trans-11 vaccenic acid improves glucose homeostasis in a model of type 2 diabetes by promoting insulin secretion via GPR40
Wang, X., England, A., Sinclair, C., Merkosky, F., & Chan, C. B. (2019) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.012 · Cited by 10
Proteolysis and volatile compounds in Mediterranean buffalo milk blue cheese: Quality determinants and functional peptides
Cerra, F. D., Garro, G., Cozzolino, R., Pascale, S. D., Esposito, M., Picariello, G., Caira, S., Scaloni, A., Marino, F., & Addeo, F. (2025) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101923 · Cited by 7
Yogurt and health: a focus on its matrix
Tremblay, A., Drouin‐Chartier, J., Marette, A., & Drapeau, V. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2025.2524472 · Cited by 9
“This relationship has been explored in several prospective cohorts and meta-analyzed multiple times over the past 15 years (Aune et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2014; Companys et al. 2020; Feng et al. 2022; Gao et al. 2013; Gijsbers et al. 2016; Soedamah-Muthu and de Goede 2018; Tong et al. 2011).”
Dairy consumption is associated with lower plasma dihydroceramides in women from the D.E.S.I.R. cohort
Fumeron, F., Nicolas, A., Bastard, J., Fellahi, S., Wigger, L., Ibberson, M. R., Cruciani‐Guglielmacci, C., Stunff, H. L., Velho, G., Magnan, C., et al. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2019.06.002 · Cited by 7
Executive summary: Updates to the dietary treatment of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fuster, V. P., Pérez, A., Carretero‐Gómez, J., Caixàs, A., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., & Pérez‐Martínez, P. (2021) · Revista Clínica Española (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rceng.2020.10.002 · Cited by 8
Executive summary: Updates to the dietary treatment of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fuster, V. P., Pérez, A., Carretero‐Gómez, J., Caixàs, A., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., & Pérez‐Martínez, P. (2021) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2020.10.008 · Cited by 10
The positive association between serum uric acid, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus in the ELSA-Brasil study
Galvão, A. I. R., Beleigoli, A. M. R., Vidigal, P. G., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Appleton, S., Barreto, S. M., & Diniz, M. D. F. H. S. (2021) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00255920 · Cited by 7
Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes—relationship to metabolic syndrome and inflammation
Bohn, T., Samouda, H., & Alkerwi, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822130-3.00014-4 · Cited by 7
Association of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among an urban population of Iran: One decade follow up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Asgari, S., Masrouri, S., Hosseinpour‐Niazi, S., Moslehi, N., Azizi, F., & Hadaegh, F. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13839 · Cited by 7
Health-related functional value of dairy proteins and peptides
Miralles, B., Hernández‐Ledesma, B., Fernández‐Tomé, S., Amigo, L., & Recio, I. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100722-8.00021-8 · Cited by 8
Associations of types of dairy consumption with adiposity: cross-sectional findings from over 12 000 adults in the Fenland Study, UK
Trichia, E., Imamura, F., Brage, S., Rolfe, E. D. L., Griffin, S. J., Wareham, N. J., & Forouhi, N. G. (2019) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114519001776 · Cited by 6
“cardiovascular disease(4, 5) and type 2 diabetes(6-8) have suggested that the associations vary by D ow nladed fom hts://w w w am bridorg/core .”
Dairy consumption and cardiometabolic diseases: Evidence from prospective studies
Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., & Guo, J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815603-2.00001-2 · Cited by 7
Association between fruit, vegetable, seafood, and dairy intake and a reduction in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Qingdao, China.
Liang, J., Zhang, Y., Xue, A., Sun, J., Song, X., Bai, X., Ji, F., Gao, W., He, L., Pang, Z., et al. (2017) · PubMed · doi:10.6133/apjcn.012016.03 · Cited by 7
Dairy products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?
Givens, D. I. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.108381 · Cited by 7
“These findings are broadly in accord with findings in other individual cohort studies (3) and in a meta-analysis of these studies examining the risk of type 2 diabetes (4); although the latter reported”
BackgroundResult
Association between dairy products consumption and the prevalences of combined prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Medina, M., Cureau, F. V., Schaan, B. D., Leotti, V. B., Rosa, P. B. Z., Pereira, M. A., & Drehmer, M. (2023) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114523001356 · Cited by 7
“However, there is a lack of consistency in the literature as different results were found in systematic reviews (14,25,52) , carried out in developed countries, which concluded that low-fat dairy products had an inverse linear association with T2DM and found no association for full-fat dairy…”
Result

Authors: Aune, D., Norat, T., Romundstad, P., & Vatten, L. J.
Affiliations: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
ORCID: Aune, Dagfinn
Romundstad, Pål
Vatten, Lars J
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-10
Volume: 98
Issue: 4
Pages: 1066-1083
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.059030
OpenAlex: W2108208530
Cited by: 434
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 5.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3427 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Keywords: dairy products, type 2 diabetes, low-fat dairy, cheese, yogurt, milk, high-fat dairy, dose-response relationship, inverse association, nonlinear relationship, dietary intake, diabetes risk, confounding adjustment
MeSH terms: Animals, Cheese, Dairy Products, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Fats, Humans, Milk, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Yogurt, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks