Dairy Products Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The consumption of dairy products may influence the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but inconsistent findings have been reported. Moreover, large variation in the types of dairy intake has not yet been fully explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the dose-response association of dairy products intake and T2DM risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus for studies of dairy products intake and T2DM risk published up to the end of October 2012. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary relative risk (RR) statistics. Dose-response relations were evaluated using data from different dairy products in each study. We included 14 articles of cohort studies that reported RR estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of T2DM with dairy products intake. We found an inverse linear association of consumption of total dairy products (13 studies), low-fat dairy products (8 studies), cheese (7 studies) and yogurt (7 studies) and risk of T2DM. The pooled RRs were 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.97) and 0.88 (0.84-0.93) for 200 g/day total and low-fat dairy consumption, respectively. The pooled RRs were 0.80 (0.69-0.93) and 0.91 (0.82-1.00) for 30 g/d cheese and 50 g/d yogurt consumption, respectively. We also found a nonlinear association of total and low-fat dairy intake and T2DM risk, and the inverse association appeared to be strongest within 200 g/d intake. CONCLUSION: A modest increase in daily intake of dairy products such as low fat dairy, cheese and yogurt may contribute to the prevention of T2DM, which needs confirmation in randomized controlled trials.
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In longitudinal studies evaluating habitual intakes of dairy foods, relationships with CVD and diabetes do not consistently differ by fat content but appear more specific to food type.
“In longitudinal studies evaluating habitual intakes of dairy foods, relationships with CVD and diabetes do not consistently differ by fat content but appear more specific to food type: e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk, butter (Figure 6).57, 221-226”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [224]
Intake of yogurt, but not milk, is consistently associated with lower incidence of diabetes; cheese intake also associates with lower diabetes risk in several although not all studies.
“For example, intake of yogurt, but not milk, is consistently associated with lower incidence of diabetes; while intake of cheese, which has high calorie, fat, and saturated fat content, also associates with lower diabetes risk in several although not all studies.57, 179-184, 224, 226-228”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [224]
In longitudinal studies evaluating habitual intakes of dairy foods, relationships with CVD and diabetes do not consistently differ by fat content but appear more specific to food type.
“In longitudinal studies evaluating habitual intakes of dairy foods, relationships with CVD and diabetes do not consistently differ by fat content but appear more specific to food type: e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk, butter (Figure 6).57, 221-226”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [225]
Intake of yogurt, but not milk, is consistently associated with lower incidence of diabetes; cheese intake also associates with lower diabetes risk in several although not all studies.
“For example, intake of yogurt, but not milk, is consistently associated with lower incidence of diabetes; while intake of cheese, which has high calorie, fat, and saturated fat content, also associates with lower diabetes risk in several although not all studies.57, 179-184, 224, 226-228”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [225]
Associations have been seen between major food sources of saturated fat, such as red and processed meat, and development of T2DM, though dairy products, notably fermented dairy, may be protective.
“Associations have been seen between major food sources of saturated fat, such as red and processed meat, and development of T2DM (152,153), though dairy products, notably fermented dairy, may be protective (154,155).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [154]
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- Authors
- Gao, D., Ning, N., Wang, C., Wang, Y., Li, Q., Meng, Z., Liu, Y., & Li, Q.
- Affiliations
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gao, Dengfeng
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-09-27
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e73965
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3785489
- OpenAlex
- W2092221366
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900617)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- dairy products, type 2 diabetes, low-fat dairy, cheese, yogurt, dose-response relationship, diabetes risk, diabetes prevention, nonlinear relationship
- MeSH terms
- Dairy Products, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors
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