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Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Open accessAbstract
Background The association between intake of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is not conclusive.Objective We conducted an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of dairy product intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes.Design We searched the PubMed database for prospective cohort and nested case-control studies of dairy product intake and risk of type 2 diabetes up to 5 June 2013. Summary RRs were estimated by use of a random-effects model.Results Seventeen cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the dose-response analysis, the summary RRs (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.87, 0.99; I(2) = 33%) per 400 g total dairy products/d (n = 12), 0.98 (0.94, 1.03; I(2) = 8%) per 200 g high-fat dairy products/d (n = 9), 0.91 (0.86, 0.96; I(2) = 40%) per 200 g low-fat dairy products/d (n = 9), 0.87 (0.72, 1.04; I(2) = 94%) per 200 g milk/d (n = 7), 0.92 (0.86, 0.99; I(2) = 0%) per 50 g cheese/d (n = 8), and 0.78 (0.60, 1.02; I(2) = 70%) per 200 g yogurt/d (n = 7). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed for total dairy products (P-nonlinearity < 0.0001), low-fat dairy products (P-nonlinearity = 0.06), cheese (P-nonlinearity = 0.05), and yogurt (P-nonlinearity = 0.004), and there was a flattening of the curve at higher intakes.Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that there is a significant inverse association between intakes of dairy products, low-fat dairy products, and cheese and risk of type 2 diabetes. Any additional studies should assess the association between other specific types of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes and adjust for more confounding factors.
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“These main sources of sucrose have shown beneficial associations (for example, whole grain cereals, fruit, and yogurt) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease mortality.87 88 89 90 91 92”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [87]
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Peters, J. L. (2017) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · doi:10.4225/55/592e59a09b82d
Postprandial Metabolic and Appetite Responses Following Whey Protein Supplementation at Breakfast
Allerton, D. M. (2016) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)
Diet, nutrient status and gestational diabetes
Looman, M. (2018) · doi:10.18174/446742
Hillesheim, E. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2018.tde-10042018-134702
Bridge, A. D. (2019) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
Animal-Source Foods in Human Nutrition
Shehzad, A., Zahid, A., Mehmood, S., & Akram, S. (2018) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429398575-14
Cow's milk: Composition, nutritional, biological and cardioprotective benefits
Benyahia-Mostefaoui, A., & Lamri‐Senhadji, M. (2020) · Nutrition & Santé · doi:10.30952/9.1.1 · Cited by 1
“Ce qui n’est pas le cas des trans naturels, présents dans le lait des ruminants, mais, au contraire, l’acide transpalmitoléique est, même, associé à une diminution du risque de DT2 [55].”
BackgroundInfluentialINSULIN RESISTANCE RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE LIVER
Wang, Y. (2020)
Schmidt, K. A. (2020) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)
Vegetarian diet and type 2 diabetes: is there a link?
Zhuravlyova, L., & Ogneva, O. V. (2020) · Medicine of Ukraine · doi:10.37987/1997-9894.2020.9-10(245-6.221986
Vitamin K and Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins in Relation to Human Health
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Aref, A.-B. M., Ünlü, G., Ahmed, O. M., Ali, L. A., Semmler, M., Balemba, O. B., & Momenah, M. A. (2021) · Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B, Zoology · doi:10.21608/eajbsz.2021.177492
“Kefir treatment of type 1 DM rats led to a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 as well as an increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared to control groups (Aune et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDiabetes: Gute Ernährung ist ein therapeutischer Baustein
Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2015) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt · doi:10.3238/persdia.2015.04.24.05
The Role of Milk and Dairy Products in the Development of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease
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Marette, A., Picard-Deland, É., & Fernandez, M. A. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b21826-7
Inntak av meieriprodukter og insidens av diabetes type 2
Sandnes, F. H., & Hansson, P. (2021) · Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring · doi:10.18261/ntfe.19.2.3
“Det var spesielt inntak av yoghurt som utmerket seg blant de inverse assosiasjonene med insidens av T2D, noe som underbygges av flere metaanalyser (42-46).”
BackgroundThe effect of lactose intolerance on plasma glucose levels and related biochemical parameters
Yalçın, K. S., Kasapoğlu, B., ALANLI, R., KÜÇÜKAY, M. B., Yozgat, A., Kekilli, M., & KOŞAR, A. (2022) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1094124
“Milk and milk products are shown to be protective against the progression of diabetes (12-14).”
BackgroundHenriksen, C. (2013) · Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring · doi:10.18261/ntfe.11.4.14
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS AND OTHER BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Qureshi, M. A., Qureshi, A., Lakho, A. A., Pirzado, A. G., Shaikh, S. A., & Jiskani, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results · doi:10.47750/pnr.2022.13.s09.215
“(12-14) People who do not have lactose intolerance but refrain from milk and milk products because of dyspeptic symptoms, are at increased risk to develop diabetes and hypertension.”
BackgroundUtama, Z., Raharjo, S., Murdiati, A., & Ningrum, A. (2023) · Advances in biological sciences research/Advances in Biological Sciences Research · doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-122-7_29
Metadata
- Authors
- Aune, D., Norat, T., Romundstad, P., & Vatten, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1066-1083
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108208530
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- dairy products, type 2 diabetes, low-fat dairy, cheese, yogurt, milk, high-fat dairy, dose-response relationship, inverse association, nonlinear relationship, dietary intake, diabetes risk, confounding adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cheese, Dairy Products, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Fats, Humans, Milk, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Yogurt, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies
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