Cited by 95Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Dairy fat intake is associated with glucose tolerance, hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity, and liver fat but not β-cell function in humans

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Kratz, Mario, Marcovina, Santica, Nelson, James E, Yeh, Matthew M, Kowdley, Kris V, Callahan, Holly S, Song, Xiaoling, Di, Chongzhi +1 more·2014·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Abstract

Background Plasma phospholipid concentrations of trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-16:1n-7), a biomarker of dairy fat intake, are inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in 2 US cohorts.Objective The objective was to investigate whether the intake of trans-16:1n-7 in particular, or dairy fat in general, is associated with glucose tolerance and key factors determining glucose tolerance.Design A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in 17 men and women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 15 body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched controls. The concentrations of trans-16:1n-7 and 2 other biomarkers of dairy fat intake, 15:0 and 17:0, were measured in plasma phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFAs). Liver fat was estimated by computed tomography-derived liver-spleen ratio. Intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests and oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed to assess β-cell function and hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity.Results In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, phospholipid 17:0, phospholipid trans-16:1n-7, FFA 15:0, and FFA 17:0 were inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose, the area under the curve for glucose during an OGTT, and liver fat. Phospholipid trans-16:1n-7 was also positively associated with hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity. None of the biomarkers were associated with β-cell function. The associations between dairy fat intake and glucose tolerance were attenuated by adjusting for insulin sensitivity or liver fat, but strengthened by adjusting for β-cell function.Conclusion Although we cannot rule out reverse causation, these data support the hypothesis that dairy fat improves glucose tolerance, possibly through a mechanism involving improved hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity and reduced liver fat.

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Crossref · 10.3945/ajcn.113.075457

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  • In cohorts utilizing objective blood biomarkers, greater dairy fat consumption is associated with lower incidence of diabetes and CHD, with mixed findings for stroke.

    “In cohorts utilizing objective blood biomarkers, greater dairy fat consumption is associated with lower incidence of diabetes59-61, 242, 243 and CHD,39, 244, 245 with mixed findings for stroke.246”

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Authors
Kratz, M., Marcovina, S., Nelson, J. E., Yeh, M. M., Kowdley, K. V., Callahan, H. S., Song, X., Di, C., & Utzschneider, K. M.
Affiliations
Virginia Mason Medical Center (US)
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-06
Volume
99
Issue
6
Pages
1385-1396
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2120120974
Cited by
95
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6
FWCI
9.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000423, 5p41rr000954-34, UL1TR002319)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 056341, K24DK002957, DK‐020579, P30DK056341, P30DK035816, P30DK017047, U01DK061728, T32DK007247)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES022332)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR-000954, UL1RR025014)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords
trans-palmitoleic acid, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, hepatic insulin sensitivity, liver fat, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, beta-cell function, plasma phospholipids, free fatty acids, type 2 diabetes risk
MeSH terms
Insulin Secretion, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Trans Fatty Acids, Lipid Metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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