Efficacy of fish intake on Vitamin D status: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
Background It is well known that fish is the major natural source of vitamin D in the diet; therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the influence of fish consumption in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.Objective A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to February 2014) for RCTs that investigated the effect of fish consumption on 25(OH)D concentrations in comparison to other dietary interventions.Results Seven articles and 2 unpublished study data sets with 640 subjects and 14 study groups met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the consumption of fish increased 25(OH)D concentrations, on average, by 4.4 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.7, 7.1 nmol/L; P < 0.0001, I(2) = 25%; 9 studies).The type of the fish also played a key role: the consumption of fatty fish resulted in a mean difference of 6.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 3.7, 9.9 nmol/L; P < 0.0001, I(2) = 0%; 7 study groups), whereas for lean fish the mean difference was 1.9 nmol/L (95% CI: -2.3, 6.0 nmol/L; P < 0.38, I(2) = 37%; 7 study groups). Short-term studies (4-8 wk) showed a mean difference of 3.8 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.6, 6.9 nmol/L; P < 0.02, I(2) = 38%; 10 study groups), whereas in long-term studies (∼6 mo) the mean difference was 8.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.1, 14.5 nmol/L; P < 0.009, I(2) = 0%; 4 study groups).Conclusion As the major food source of vitamin D, fish consumption increases concentrations of 25(OH)D, although recommended fish intakes cannot optimize vitamin D status.
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Weekly fatty fish consumption significantly increases vitamin D levels.
“Weekly fatty fish consumption significantly increases vitamin D levels [69].”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
In the meta-analysis by Lehmann et al., vitamin D levels increased when fish was consumed at least twice a week for four weeks in a row.
“Data from the same meta-analysis showed that vitamin D levels increased when fish was consumed at least twice a week for four weeks in a row.”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
Fish consumption contributes to total vitamin D intake.
“fish consumption contributes to total vitamin D intake”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Lehmann, U., Gjessing, H. R., Hirche, F., Mueller-Belecke, A., Gudbrandsen, O. A., Ueland, P. M., Mellgren, G., Lauritzen, L., Lindqvist, H., Hansen, A. L., Erkkilä, A. T., Pot, G. K., Stangl, G. I., & Dierkes, J.
- Affiliations
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Bevital (Norway) (NO)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Bergen (NO)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dierkes, Jutta
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 837-847
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2174981338
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01EA1323A)
- The Research Council of Norway (227506/F11)
- Bergen Medical Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- fish consumption, vitamin D status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, dietary intervention, fatty fish, lean fish, serum vitamin D levels, dietary sources of vitamin D
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Fishes, Humans, Nutritional Status, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Databases, Factual, Seafood
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