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Cited by 451Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processesChild Nutrition and Water AccessTrace Elements in Health

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Vitamin A Review

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Tanumihardjo, Sherry A, Russell, Robert M, Stephensen, Charles B, Gannon, Bryan M, Craft, Neal E, Haskell, Marjorie J, Lietz, Georg, Schulze, Kerry +1 more·2016·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/jn.115.229708PMC PMC4997277
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Abstract

The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-informed advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The BOND program provides information with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect, which will be especially useful for readers who want to assess nutrient status. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutritional status at the individual and population levels. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, folate, zinc, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review of vitamin A is the current article in this series. Although the vitamin was discovered >100 y ago, vitamin A status assessment is not trivial. Serum retinol concentrations are under homeostatic control due in part to vitamin A's use in the body for growth and cellular differentiation and because of its toxic properties at high concentrations. Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging. Thus, this review describes the clinical and functional indicators related to eye health and biochemical biomarkers of vitamin A status (i.e., serum retinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters). These biomarkers are then related to liver vitamin A concentrations, which are usually considered the gold standard for vitamin A status. With regard to biomarkers, future research questions and gaps in our current understanding as well as limitations of the methods are described.

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  • Vitamin A is a vital micronutrient during pregnancy for both the mother and the baby, playing a key role in vision, cell differentiation, eye health, bone formation, immune function, and embryonic development.

    “Vitamin A is a vital micronutrient during pregnancy for both the mother and the baby. It plays a key role in vision, as it is a precursor of rhodopsin, a crucial pigment in retinal photoreceptor cells. It is also involved in cell differentiation, helps preserve eye health, and prevents xerophthalmia; its deficiency remains the leading cause of avoidable blindness worldwide.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [130]

    The Biology of Vitamin A section (page not provided) identifies roles in vision, epithelial cell differentiation, immune competence, and embryonic growth, and explains how a vitamin A derivative forms rhodopsin. The Introduction (page not provided) describes heightened vitamin A needs during pregnancy and links deficiency to xerophthalmia and blindness. The passages do not establish that vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of avoidable blindness worldwide or specifically identify bone formation as a role. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Tanumihardjo, S. A., Russell, R. M., Stephensen, C. B., Gannon, B. M., Craft, N. E., Haskell, M. J., Lietz, G., Schulze, K., & Raiten, D. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
  • United States Department of Agriculture (US)
  • Craft Technologies (United States) (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Newcastle University (GB)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Raiten, Daniel J
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-09
Volume
146
Issue
9
Pages
1816S-1848S
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/jn.115.229708
PMC
PMC4997277
OpenAlex
W2484155437
Cited by
451
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI
3.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • Office of Dietary Supplements
  • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
  • PepsiCo
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007665)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
vitamin A status, dietary biomarkers, serum retinol, retinol-binding protein, acute phase response, isotope dilution, liver vitamin A, eye health, infection and inflammation
MeSH terms
Acute-Phase Proteins, Folic Acid, Humans, Iodine, Iron, Nutritional Status, Public Health, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Vitamin A, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin B 12, Zinc, Biomarkers, Nutrition Assessment, Prevalence, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Recommended Dietary Allowances

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