Influenza A Exacerbates Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia by Attenuating IL-1β Production in Mice
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Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide. Staphylococcal aureus can be a cause of severe pneumonia alone or a common pathogen in secondary pneumonia following influenza. Recently, we reported that preceding influenza attenuated the Type 17 pathway, increasing the lung's susceptibility to secondary infection. IL-1β is known to regulate host defense, including playing a role in Th17 polarization. We examined whether IL-1β signaling is required for S. aureus host defense and whether influenza infection impacted S. aureus-induced IL-1β production and subsequent Type 17 pathway activation. Mice were challenged with S. aureus (USA 300), with or without preceding Influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1 infection. IL-1R1(-/-) mice had significantly higher S. aureus burden, increased mortality, and decreased Type 17 pathway activation following S. aureus challenge. Coinfected mice had significantly decreased IL-1β production versus S. aureus infection alone at early time points following bacterial challenge. Preceding influenza did not attenuate S. aureus-induced inflammasome activation, but there was early suppression of NF-κB activation, suggesting an inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcription of pro-IL-1β. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-1β in influenza and S. aureus-coinfected mice rescued the induction of IL-17 and IL-22 by S. aureus and improved bacterial clearance. Finally, exogenous IL-1β did not significantly rescue S. aureus host defense during coinfection in IL-17RA(-/-) mice or in mice in which IL-17 and IL-22 activity were blocked. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which Influenza A inhibits S. aureus-induced IL-1β production, resulting in attenuation of Type 17 immunity and increased susceptibility to bacterial infection.
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Influenza A infection significantly decreases IL-1β production.
“Robinson et al. (2013) have also shown that influenza A infection significantly decreased IL-1β production”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Robinson et al., 2013
IL-1β plays a role in Th17 polarization, so decreased IL-1β further hinders Th17 immunity.
“IL-1β has been shown to play a role in Th17 polarization, therefore further hindering this pathway of immunity (Robinson et al., 2013).”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Robinson et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Robinson, K. M., Choi, S. M., McHugh, K. J., Mandalapu, S., Enelow, R. I., Kolls, J. K., & Alcorn, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mandalapu, Sivanarayana
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5153-5159
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- PMC
- PMC3827735
- OpenAlex
- W2110420249
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL107380, R37HL079142)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- influenza A virus, Staphylococcus aureus, secondary bacterial infection, IL-1β, Th17 response, IL-17, IL-22, NF-κB, inflammasome, IL-1 receptor 1, IL-17 receptor A, co-infection, host defense, USA300
- MeSH terms
- Interleukin-22, Animals, Enzyme Activation, Interleukins, Lung, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal, Staphylococcus aureus, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Mice, Knockout, Interleukin-17, Mice, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I, Interleukin-1beta, Bacterial Load, Inflammasomes, Coinfection
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