Cited by 55Streptococcal Infections and TreatmentsT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyBacterial Infections and Vaccines

Adaptive Immunity against Streptococcus pyogenes in Adults Involves Increased IFN-γ and IgG3 Responses Compared with Children

Mortensen, Rasmus, Nissen, Thomas Nørrelykke, Blauenfeldt, Thomas, Christensen, Jan P, Andersen, Peter, Dietrich, Jes·2015·The Journal of Immunology

Abstract

Each year, millions of people are infected with Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to an estimated 500,000 annual deaths worldwide. For unknown reasons, school-aged children have substantially higher infection rates than adults. The goal for this study was to provide, to our knowledge, the first detailed characterization of the human adaptive immune response against S. pyogenes in both children and adults. We report that all adults in our study, as well as most children, showed immunity against the two conserved group A streptococci (GAS) Ags, streptococcal C5a peptidase and immunogenic secreted protein. The response primarily consisted of three subsets of Th1 T cells, in which the TNF-α+ and IL-2+TNF-α+ subsets were most frequent. Humoral immunity was dominated by IgG1 and IgG3, whereas the Th2-associated IgG4 isotype was only detected at very low amounts. IgG3 levels correlated significantly with IFN-γ, but not with IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, or TNF-α. Interestingly, children showed a similar pattern of Ag-specific cytokine release, but displayed significantly lower levels of IgG3 and IFN-γ compared with adults. Thus, human immune responses against S. pyogenes consist of a robust Th1 cellular memory response in combination with IgG1/IgG3-dominated humoral immunity that increase with age. The significance of these data regarding both the increased GAS infection rate in children and the development of protective GAS vaccines is discussed.

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Crossref · 10.4049/jimmunol.1500804

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  • The bacterial origin of the Cas9 nuclease renders it recognized by the host immune system and elicits an immune response.

    “Furthermore, the bacterial origin of the Cas9 nuclease renders it to be recognized by the host immune system and elicits an immune response (37, 38).”

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Authors
Mortensen, R., Nissen, T. N., Blauenfeldt, T., Christensen, J. P., Andersen, P., & Dietrich, J.
Affiliations
  • Statens Serum Institut (DK)
  • Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
  • Mortensen, Rasmus
  • Blauenfeldt, Thomas
  • Andersen, Peter
  • Dietrich, Jes
Venue
The Journal of Immunology
Published
2015-08
Volume
195
Issue
4
Pages
1657-1664
ISSN
  • 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-6606
OpenAlex
W2115330656
Cited by
55
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
FWCI
4.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Gentofte Hospital
  • Statens Serum Institut
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Keywords
Streptococcus pyogenes, adaptive immune response, age-related immunity, children versus adults, interferon-gamma, IgG3, IgG1, IgG4, Th1 cells, humoral immunity, cytokine response
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antibodies, Bacterial, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunity, Cellular, Interferon-gamma, Male, Streptococcal Infections, Streptococcus pyogenes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Th1 Cells, Young Adult, Adaptive Immunity, Immunity, Humoral

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