Cited by 112Phagocytosis and Immune RegulationImmune Response and InflammationCellular transport and secretion

Inhibitory Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Fusion between Phagosomes and Endosomes/Lysosomes in Macrophages

Open access
Shiratsuchi, Akiko, Watanabe, Ikuko, Takeuchi, Osamu, Akira, Shizuo, Nakanishi, Yoshinobu·2004·The Journal of Immunology

Abstract

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of macrophages recognizes LPS of Gram-negative bacteria in cooperation with CD14, which is also involved in the recognition of apoptotic cells. In this study we asked whether TLR4 plays a role in the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Macrophages were prepared from peritoneal fluid of thioglycolate-treated mice carrying either a wild-type or a disrupted TLR4-encoding gene and were examined for their ability to phagocytose apoptotic mouse thymocytes, apoptotic Jurkat T cells, Ig-opsonized mouse thymocytes, Ig-opsonized zymosan particles, and latex beads. Both populations of macrophages equally expressed CD14 on their surfaces and showed almost equal activities of binding to and engulfing all these targets. However, apoptotic thymocytes, apoptotic Jurkat cells, and opsonized thymocytes disappeared more rapidly in TLR4-deficient macrophages than in wild-type macrophages, and the fusion between endosomes/lysosomes and phagosomes containing any target cells or particles was accelerated in mutant macrophages. Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB appeared not to occur in wild-type macrophages after engulfment, and the rate of apoptotic cell degradation in wild-type macrophages remained the same regardless of the activation of NF-κB. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses showed that ectopically expressed TLR4 was associated with phagosomes in a macrophage-derived cell line. All these results collectively indicate that TLR4 negatively regulates the degradation of engulfed cells in macrophages via a pathway independent of NF-κB.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2039

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • An inflammatory environment can hinder efferocytosis of apoptotic corpses, limited by TLR4 signals and TNF-α.

    “An inflammatory environment can also hinder efferocytosis of apoptotic corpses limited by TLR4 signals and TNF-α (139–141).”

    From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [141]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Shiratsuchi, A., Watanabe, I., Takeuchi, O., Akira, S., & Nakanishi, Y.
Affiliations
  • Kanazawa University (JP)
  • Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Shiratsuchi, Akiko
  • Nakanishi, Yoshinobu
Venue
The Journal of Immunology
Published
2004-02
Volume
172
Issue
4
Pages
2039-2047
ISSN
  • 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-6606
OpenAlex
W1944631098
Cited by
112
References
52
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Keywords
TLR4, macrophages, phagosome-lysosome fusion, efferocytosis, CD14, NF-κB, phagocytosis, zymosan, latex beads
MeSH terms
Ammonium Chloride, Animals, Cell Line, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Intracellular Fluid, Lysosomes, Macrophages, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phagocytosis, Phagosomes, Receptors, Cell Surface, Endosomes, T-Lymphocytes, NF-kappa B, Apoptosis, Mice, Knockout, Macrolides, Jurkat Cells, Toll-Like Receptors, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review