Phagocytosis of Microbes: Complexity in Action
Abstract
The phagocytic response of innate immune cells such as macrophages is defined by the activation of complex signaling networks that are stimulated by microbial contact. Many individual proteins have been demonstrated to participate in phagocytosis, and the application of high-throughput tools has indicated that many more remain to be described. In this review, we examine this complexity and describe how during recognition, multiple receptors are simultaneously engaged to mediate internalization, activate microbial killing, and induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many signaling molecules perform multiple functions during phagocytosis, and these molecules are likely to be key regulators of the process. Indeed, pathogenic microorganisms target many of these molecules in their attempts to evade destruction.
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HSPs have been shown to modulate inflammatory response and phagocytosis in macrophages, though their mechanism of action remains unknown.
“HSP's have been shown to modulate inflammatory response and phagocytosis in macrophages, though their mechanism of action remains unknown [52,53].”
From Genome-wide transcriptional changes induced by phagocytosis or growth on bacteria in Dictyostelium (2008) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Underhill, D. M., & Ozinsky, A.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Systems Biology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Underhill, David M.
- ORCID
- Underhill, David M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 825-852
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2120640870
- Cited by
- 1,124
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM062995, GM 62995)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI25032)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Keywords
- phagocytosis, macrophages, innate immunity, microbial identification, pattern recognition receptors, microbial killing, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pathogen evasion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Membrane Proteins, Microbiology, Phagocytes, Phagocytosis, Receptors, Complement, Receptors, Immunologic, Superoxides, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Receptors, IgG, Receptors, Lipoprotein, Models, Immunological, Chemokines, Receptors, Scavenger, Scavenger Receptors, Class B
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