The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
IL-21 Induces Differentiation of Human Naive and Memory B Cells into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells
Open accessAbstract
IL-21 is a type I cytokine that influences the function of T cells, NK cells, and B cells. In this study, we report that IL-21 plays a major role in stimulating the differentiation of human B cells. When human B cells were stimulated through the BCR, IL-21 induced minimal proliferation, IgD down-modulation, and small numbers of plasma cells. In contrast, after CD40 engagement, IL-21 induced extensive proliferation, class switch recombination (CSR), and plasma cell differentiation. Upon cross-linking both BCR and CD40, IL-21 induced the largest numbers of plasma cells. IL-21 drove both postswitch memory cells as well as poorly responsive naive cord blood B cells to differentiate into plasma cells. The effect of IL-21 was more potent than the combination of IL-2 and IL-10, especially when responsiveness of cord blood B cells was examined. IL-21 costimulation potently induced the expression of both B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase as well as the production of large amounts of IgG from B cells. Despite the induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and CSR, IL-21 did not induce somatic hypermutation. Finally, IL-2 enhanced the effects of IL-21, whereas IL-4 inhibited IL-21-induced plasma cell differentiation. Taken together, our data show that IL-21 plays a central role in CSR and plasma cell differentiation during T cell-dependent B cell responses.
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Cites
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“In this regard, IL-4 is known to costimulate IgE synthesis by human B cells (48), and also induce the expression of CD23 on mature B cells (50).”
BackgroundInterleukin 10 is a potent growth and differentiation factor for activated human B lymphocytes
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A Critical Role for IL-21 in Regulating Immunoglobulin Production
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Self-citationRegulation of plasma-cell development
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The BCL-6 proto-oncogene controls germinal-centre formation and Th2-type inflammation
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Cited by
Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (T FH )
Crotty, S. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101400 · Cited by 2,738
Morita, R., Schmitt, N., Bentebibel, S.-E., Ranganathan, R., Bourdery, L., Zurawski, G., Foucat, E., Dullaers, M., Oh, S., Sabzghabaei, N., et al. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.12.012 · Cited by 1,563
Modulatory Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Human B Cell Differentiation
Chen, S., Sims, G. P., Chen, X. X., Gu, Y. Y., Chen, S., & Lipsky, P. E. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1634 · Cited by 1,119
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IL-21 acts directly on B cells to regulate Bcl-6 expression and germinal center responses
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ettinger, R., Sims, G. P., Fairhurst, A.-M., Robbins, R., da Silva, Y. S., Spolski, R., Leonard, W. J., & Lipsky, P. E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7867-7879
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2139237097
- Cited by
- 675
- References
- 50
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: IL-21 Induces Differentiation of Human Naive and Memory B Cells into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.7867
- The paper
- Ettinger, R., Sims, G. P., Fairhurst, A.-M., Robbins, R., da Silva, Y. S., Spolski, R., Leonard, W. J., & Lipsky, P. E. (2005). IL-21 Induces Differentiation of Human Naive and Memory B Cells into Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.7867
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
