The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Ro52 Negatively Regulates IFN-β Production Post-Pathogen Recognition by Polyubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of IRF3

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Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing

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Innate immune recognition of viral infection

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TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity

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Distinct and Essential Roles of Transcription Factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 in Response to Viruses for IFN-α/β Gene Induction

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Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates the MyD88-Independent Pathway and Results in Activation of IFN-Regulatory Factor 3 and the Expression of a Subset of Lipopolysaccharide-Inducible Genes

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Interferon-α induction through Toll-like receptors involves a direct interaction of IRF7 with MyD88 and TRAF6

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Involvement of nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors in human diseases and their controlling mechanisms

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TRIM55 promotes noncanonical NF-κB signaling and B cell–mediated immune responses by coordinating p100 ubiquitination and processing

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Cancer-associated mutation abolishes the impact of TRIM21 on the invasion of breast cancer cells

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Early innate immune response triggered by the human respiratory syncytial virus and its regulation by ubiquitination/deubiquitination processes

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Emerging roles of the Th17/IL-17-axis in glomerulonephritis

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TRIM65 regulates innate immune signaling by enhancing K6-linked ubiquitination of IRF3 and its chromatin recruitment

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NBR1 mediates autophagic degradation of IRF3 to negatively regulate type I interferon production

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Ro52/SSA sensitizes cells to death receptor‐induced apoptosis by down‐regulating c‐FLIP(L)

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Depletion of the 26 S Proteasome Adaptor Ecm29 Increases Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling

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Solution NMR structure of the TRIM21 B-box2 and identification of residues involved in its interaction with the RING domain

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Anti-Viral Tetris: Modulation of the Innate Anti-Viral Immune Response by A20

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Systematic Analysis of the Mechanisms of Virus-Triggered Type I IFN Signaling Pathways through Mathematical Modeling

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A Conserved Host and Pathogen Recognition Site on Immunoglobulins: Structural and Functional Aspects

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis Outer Membrane Protein 1-Specific Human Antibody-Mediated Immunity Is Defined by Intracellular TRIM21-Dependent Innate Immune Activation and Extracellular Neutralization

Velayutham, T. S., Kumar, S., Zhang, X., Kose, N., Walker, D. H., Winslow, G. M., Crowe, J. E., & McBride, J. W. (2019) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00383-19 · Cited by 14

HSV-2 Cellular Programming Enables Productive HIV Infection in Dendritic Cells

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A Interacting Model: How TRIM21 Orchestrates with Proteins in Intracellular Immunity

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Roles of TRIM21/Ro52 in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases

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Duck Tembusu Virus Inhibits Type I Interferon Production through the JOSD1-SOCS1-IRF7 Negative-Feedback Regulation Pathway

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Anti-TRIM21 antibody is associated with aberrant B-cell function and type I interferon production in systemic lupus erythematosus

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Regulation of Tripartite Motif-Containing Proteins on Immune Response and Viral Evasion

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Trim21: a novel negative regulator in DNA sensor signaling

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The deubiquitinase BAP1 and E3 ligase UBE3C sequentially target IRF3 to activate and resolve the antiviral innate immune response

Liu, X., Cui, L., Tao, Y., Xia, S., Hou, J., Cao, X., & Xu, S. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114608 · Cited by 11

TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination of PLIN2 regulates neuronal lipid droplet accumulation after acute spinal cord injury

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Anti-Ro/SS-A antibody is associated with worse pulmonary outcome and reduced overall survival in systemic sclerosis

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Porcine TRIM21 Enhances Porcine Circovirus 2 Infection and Host Immune Responses, But Inhibits Apoptosis of PCV2-Infected Cells

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The ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM21 suppresses type I interferon signaling via STING degradation and ameliorates systemic autoimmunity

Kim, D. S., Park, Y., Tsokos, G. C., Cho, M., & Kwok, S. (2025) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-025-01490-5 · Cited by 10

Copy number variation and population-specific immune genes in the model vertebrate zebrafish

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Genome-wide screening of sex-biased genetic variants potentially associated with COVID-19 hospitalization

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TRIM25 Suppresses Rabies Virus Fixed HEP-Flury Strain Production by Activating RIG-1-Mediated Type I Interferons

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TRIMming down Flavivirus Infections

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Loss of Tripartite Motif–Containing Protein 21 and UVB ‐Induced Systemic Inflammation by Regulating DNA ‐Sensing Pathways

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Teleost-Specific MxG, a Traitor in the Mx Family, Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Targeting IPS-1 for Proteasomal Degradation and STING for Lysosomal Degradation

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Duck TRIM29 negatively regulates type I IFN production by targeting MAVS

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Extractable Nuclear Antigens and SLE: Specificity and Role in Disease Pathogenesis

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Immune response against the coiled coil domain of Sjögren's syndrome associated autoantigen Ro52 induces salivary gland dysfunction.

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Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by Npro protein of pestiviruses

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RNF149 modulates the type I IFN innate antiviral immune responses through degrading IRF3

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The two TRIM25 isoforms were differentially induced in Larimichthys crocea post poly (I:C) stimulation

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Presence and possible impact of Fcγ receptors on resident kidney cells in health and disease

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Rhesus monkey TRIM5α protein SPRY domain contributes to AP-1 activation

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Zebrafish TRIM2a promotes virus replication via ubiquitination of IRF3 and autophagic cargo receptor p62

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Tripartite-Motif 21 (TRIM21) Deficiency Results in a Modest Loss of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 Surveillance in the Trigeminal Ganglia Following Cornea Infection

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Is there a link between the human TRIM21 and Trypanosoma cruzi Clone 36 genes in Chagas’ disease?

Winkler, M. A., & Pan, A. A. (2010) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2010.07.013 · Cited by 7

Association of polymorphisms of the TRIM21 gene with the severity of dry keratoconjunctivitis in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's disease

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LPA maintains innate antiviral immunity in a pro-active state via STK38L-mediated IRF3 Ser303 phosphorylation

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Interferon and autoantigens: intersection in autoimmunity

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WIPI-1 inhibits metastasis and tumour growth via the WIPI-1-TRIM21 axis and MYC regulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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Regulation of virus-triggered type I interferon signaling by cellular and viral proteins

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TRIM21 regulation of IRF-mediated type I interferon signaling in systemic autoimmune diseases

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International expert consensus recommendations on standardised nomenclature of SSA/Ro (TROVE2/Ro60 and TRIM21/Ro52) autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases

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Positive Selection and Duplication of Bat TRIM Family Proteins

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Correlative analysis of transcriptome and proteome in Penaeus vannamei reveals key signaling pathways are involved in IFN-like antiviral regulation mediated by interferon regulatory factor (PvIRF)

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Ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of small hepatitis B virus surface antigen mediated by TRIM21 and antagonized by OTUD4

Wu, S., Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., Xu, J., Li, H., Lin, M.-X., Xie, W., Chen, Y., Lin, X., & Lin, X. (2025) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02309-24 · Cited by 5

Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are associated with aberrant inflammatory circuits in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Amezcua-Guerra, L. M., Pérez-García, L. F., Jiménez-Rojas, V., Márquez-Velasco, R., & Silveira, L. H. (2023) · Gaceta Médica de México · doi:10.24875/gmm.m22000739 · Cited by 5

A SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 3 (SPSB3) involved in the regulation of cytokine production in granulocytes of Crassostrea gigas

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Bilirubin metabolism in the liver orchestrates antiviral innate immunity in the body

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Black carp RNF115 restricts IRF3/7-mediated antiviral signaling in innate immunity

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Autoantigens and Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren’s Syndrome

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E3 ligase RAD18 targets phosphorylated IRF3 to terminate IFNB1 transcription

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Characterization of two tripartite motif-containing genes from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer and their expression in response to virus infection and microbial molecular motifs

Sathyan, K. R., Premraj, A., & Puthiyedathu, S. T. (2023) · Journal of Aquatic Animal Health · doi:10.1002/aah.10187 · Cited by 3

TRIM dsDNA sensor to restrict innate immune response

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Activation of NF-κB induced by TRIMCyp showing a discrepancy between owl monkey and northern pig-tailed macaque

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TRIM proteins as emerging regulators of immune pathways: potential therapeutic targets in immune-related disorders

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Los anticuerpos anti-Ro52/TRIM21 están asociados a circuitos inflamatorios aberrantes en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas

Amezcua-Guerra, L. M., Pérez-García, L. F., Jiménez-Rojas, V., Márquez-Velasco, R., & Silveira, L. H. (2023) · Gaceta Médica de México · doi:10.24875/gmm.22000299 · Cited by 2

Dissociating Autoantibody Responses against Ro52 Antigen in Patients with Anti-Synthetase or Anti-MDA5 Antibodies

Yoshida, A., Nagata, S., Okazaki, Y., Hanaoka, H., Gono, T., & Kuwana, M. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13243621 · Cited by 2

Friend or foe of tripartite motif-containing protein 21 in cardiovascular disease: A review

Gong, X., Xu, L., & Cai, P. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142682 · Cited by 2

Significant alteration of IFN stimulated genes expression in MA104 cells infected with bovine rotavirus RF strain

Teimoori, A., Mirshahabi, H., Khansarinejad, B., Soleimanjahi, H., Karimi, H., Rasti, M., & Malekshahi, S. S. (2022) · Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry · doi:10.1080/15321819.2022.2118061 · Cited by 1

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: insights from molecular pathogenesis to targeted therapies

Alduraibi, F. K., Goldsmith, J., & Chien, P. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003222 · Cited by 1

TRIM56 inhibits M1 macrophage polarization and mitigates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via promoting STING ubiquitination-degradation

Li, B., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2026.112610 · Cited by 1

TRIM21 facilitates inflammasome assembly and contributes to autoinflammatory disease

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Autoantibodies in Sjögren’s Syndrome and Laboratory Markers

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Role of M3 Muscarinic Acethylcholine Receptor Antibodies as a New Marker in Primary Sjögren Syndrome

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Interferon Regulatory Factors: Role in Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Plasticity and Activation

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Molecular similarities between the genes for Trypanosoma cruzi microtubule-associated proteins, mammalian interferons, and TRIMs

Winkler, M. A., & Pan, A. A. (2024) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-024-08329-4 · Cited by 1

Negative Regulator of IFN Regulatory Factor 7 Ubiquitin-Related Modifier E3 Ligase and Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28 Is a Small

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Pathogenesis of Autoimmune-Associated Long QT Syndrome

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Interferon Type I Driven Immune Activation in Generalized Autoimmune Diseases

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