Cited by 555Statistical Methods in Clinical TrialsAdvanced Causal Inference TechniquesMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

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Issues in Outcomes Research: An Overview of Randomization Techniques for Clinical Trials

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Kang, Minsoo, Ragan, Brian G., Park, Jae-Hyeon·2008·Journal of Athletic Training

DOI 10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.215PMC PMC2267325

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Abstract

Objective: To review and describe randomization techniques used in clinical trials, including simple, block, stratified, and covariate adaptive techniques. Background: Clinical trials are required to establish treatment efficacy of many athletic training procedures. In the past, we have relied on evidence of questionable scientific merit to aid the determination of treatment choices. Interest in evidence-based practice is growing rapidly within the athletic training profession, placing greater emphasis on the importance of well-conducted clinical trials. One critical component of clinical trials that strengthens results is random assignment of participants to control and treatment groups. Although randomization appears to be a simple concept, issues of balancing sample sizes and controlling the influence of covariates a priori are important. Various techniques have been developed to account for these issues, including block, stratified randomization, and covariate adaptive techniques. Advantages: Athletic training researchers and scholarly clinicians can use the information presented in this article to better conduct and interpret the results of clinical trials. Implementing these techniques will increase the power and validity of findings of athletic medicine clinical trials, which will ultimately improve the quality of care provided.

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Authors: Kang, M., Ragan, B. G., & Park, J.-H.
Affiliations: Middle Tennessee State University (US)
University of Northern Iowa (US)
Korea National Sport University (KR)
ORCID: Kang, Minsoo
Park, Jae-Hyeon
Venue: Journal of Athletic Training
Publisher: National Athletic Trainers' Association
Published: 2008-03
Volume: 43
Issue: 2
Pages: 215-221
ISSN: 1062-6050 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.215
PMC: PMC2267325
OpenAlex: W2103799103
Semantic Scholar: 76a894a7f31f671125792589418911fc63574599
Cited by: 555
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 54 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 6.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Athletic Training (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: randomization technique, clinical trials, block randomization, stratified randomization, covariate-adaptive randomization, covariate control, evidence-based practice
MeSH terms: Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Random Allocation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Evidence-Based Medicine

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Issues in Outcomes Research: An Overview of Randomization Techniques for Clinical Trials

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