Cited by 796Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseMental Health Treatment and Access

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Twelve-Month Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

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Borges, Guilherme, Nock, Matthew K., Haro Abad, Josep M., Hwang, Irving, Sampson, Nancy A., Alonso, Jordi, Andrade, Laura Helena, Angermeyer, Matthias C., Beautrais, Annette, Bromet, Evelyn, Bruffaerts, Ronny, de Girolamo, Giovanni, Florescu, Silvia, Gureje, Oye, Hu, Chiyi, Karam, Elie G., Kovess-Masfety, Viviane, Lee, Sing, Levinson, Daphna, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Ormel, Johan, Posada-Villa, Jose, Sagar, Rajesh, Tomov, Toma, Uda, Hidenori, Williams, David R., Kessler, Ronald C.·2010·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

DOI 10.4088/jcp.08m04967bluPMC PMC3000886

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, clinicians and researchers lack a data-driven method to assess the risk of suicide attempts. This study reports the results of an analysis of a large cross-national epidemiologic survey database that estimates the 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviors, identifies risk factors for suicide attempts, and combines these factors to create a risk index for 12-month suicide attempts separately for developed and developing countries. METHOD: Data come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys (conducted 2001-2007), in which 108,705 adults from 21 countries were interviewed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The survey assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors across multiple domains, including sociodemographic characteristics, parent psychopathology, childhood adversities, DSM-IV disorders, and history of suicidal behavior. RESULTS: Twelve-month prevalence estimates of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts are 2.0%, 0.6%, and 0.3%, respectively, for developed countries and 2.1%, 0.7%, and 0.4%, respectively, for developing countries. Risk factors for suicidal behaviors in both developed and developing countries include female sex, younger age, lower education and income, unmarried status, unemployment, parent psychopathology, childhood adversities, and presence of diverse 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders. Combining risk factors from multiple domains produced risk indices that accurately predicted 12-month suicide attempts in both developed and developing countries (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal behaviors occur at similar rates in both developed and developing countries. Risk indices assessing multiple domains can predict suicide attempts with fairly good accuracy and may be useful in aiding clinicians in the prediction of these behaviors.

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Authors: Borges, G., Nock, M. K., Haro Abad, J. M., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., Angermeyer, M. C., Beautrais, A., Bromet, E., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Hu, C., Karam, E. G., Kovess-Masfety, V., Lee, S., Levinson, D., Medina-Mora, M. E., Ormel, J., Posada-Villa, J., Sagar, R., Tomov, T., Uda, H., Williams, D. R., & Kessler, R. C.
Affiliations: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (MX)
Harvard University (US)
Hospital Del Mar (ES)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Christchurch Hospital (NZ)
State University of New York (US)
Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development (RO)
University College Hospital, Ibadan (NG)
Shenzhen KangNing Hospital (CN)
St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Israel Ministry of Health (IL)
University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
New Bulgarian University (BG)
Osumi Regional Promotion Bureau (JP)
Corresponding author: Kessler, Ronald C.
ORCID: Borges, Guilherme
Nock, Matthew K.
Sampson, Nancy A.
Alonso, Jordi
Andrade, Laura Helena
Bromet, Evelyn
Bruffaerts, Ronny
Florescu, Silvia
Gureje, Oye
Karam, Elie G.
Ormel, Johan
Sagar, Rajesh
Tomov, Toma
Williams, David R.
Kessler, Ronald C.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher: Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published: 2010-08-24
Volume: 71
Issue: 12
Pages: 1617-1628
ISSN: 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4088/jcp.08m04967blu
PMC: PMC3000886
OpenAlex: W2122210770
Cited by: 796
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 22.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.rug.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Scientific Electronic Library Online (São Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (acceptedVersion)
RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (R01 DA016558, R13-MH066849)
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Eli Lilly and Company
Pfizer
GlaxoSmithKline
World Health Organization
European Commission (QLG5–1999-01042, SANCO2004123, 2004123)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (03/00204-3, 03/00204?)
Generalitat de Catalunya (01042)
Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (SAF 2000 158-CE)
Regione Piemonte (00/0028)
National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
Pfizer Foundation (R01‐MH069864, R01-DA016558, R13-MH066849, R03-TW006481)
Pan American Health Organization
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/02/0046, CIBER CB06/02/0046, RETICS RD06/0011 REM-TAP, RETICS RD06/0011, RD06/0011, FIS 00/0028, CIBER CB06/02/0046)
Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R01‐MH070884, R01MH077883, R01MH061905, R01MH059575, U13MH066849, U01MH060220, R01‐MH069864)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05DA015799, R01DA016558)
Fogarty International Center (FIRCA R03TW006481, R03TW006481)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, 12-month prevalence, risk factors, risk index, suicide risk prediction, developed and developing countries, childhood adversity, parental psychopathology, unemployment, socioeconomic status, mental illness, sex differences
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Developing Countries, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Parents, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Social Class, Suicide, Attempted, Global Health, World Health Organization, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Epidemiologic Studies, Developed Countries, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Suicidal Ideation

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