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Duloxetine in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Duloxetine hydrochloride, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine, was evaluated for therapeutic efficacy and safety/tolerability in the treatment of major depression. METHOD: In an 8-week multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 173 patients (aged 18-65 years) with DSM-IV major depressive disorder were randomly allocated to receive placebo (N = 70), duloxetine (N = 70), or fluoxetine, 20 mg q.d. (N = 33). Duloxetine dose was titrated in the first 3 weeks in a forced-titration regimen from 40 mg (20 mg b.i.d.) to 120 mg/day (60 mg b.i.d.). Patients were required to have a Clinical Global Impressions (CGI)-Severity of Illness scale score of at least moderate severity (> or = 4) and a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17) total score of at least 15. Patients could not have had any current primary DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis other than major depressive disorder, or any anxiety disorder as a primary diagnosis within the past year, excluding specific phobias. The primary efficacy measurement was the HAM-D-17 total score, and secondary measures included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, CGI-Severity of Illness and CGI-Improvement, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Safety was evaluated by recording the occurrence of discontinuation rates and treatment-emergent adverse events and by measurement of vital signs and laboratory analytes. RESULTS: Duloxetine was superior to placebo in change on the HAM-D-17 (p = .009). Estimated probabilities of response and remission were 64% and 56%, respectively, for duloxetine, compared with 52% and 30% for fluoxetine and 48% and 32% for placebo. Duloxetine was numerically superior to fluoxetine on the primary and most of the secondary outcome measures. In general, duloxetine was well tolerated; 76% of patients achieved the maximum dose, and insomnia and asthenia were the only adverse events reported statistically significantly (p < .05) more frequently by duloxetine-treated patients compared with placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that duloxetine is efficacious for the treatment of major depressive disorder and is well tolerated and safe.
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“Duloxetine is a well-tolerated, efficacious [28–30] SNRI antidepressant”
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PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
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Self-citationDuloxetine 60 mg once daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression
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Self-citationSerotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
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“Consistent with previous findings, duloxetine 20 mg/day demonstrated no clinically meaningful efficacy [9].”
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“Duloxetine, a new, potent SNRI with dual reuptake inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine over the entire clinically relevant dose range [47], is a safe, tolerable, and effective antidepressant [48-50] that also significantly reduces painful physical symptoms associated with major depressive disorder [51].”
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Self-citationA Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Duloxetine
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“Sexual dysfunction can occur in the course of SNRI treatment, as with SSRIs, but with lower rates (Clayton et al., 2002; Goldstein et al., 2002).”
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“Venlafaxine and duloxetine inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline transporters, with pharmacological properties similar to the US FDA-approved bariatric treatment, sibutramine [34-39].”
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“Duloxetine hydrochloride (duloxetine HCl; Cymbalta®, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA), a balanced selective serotonin (5HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of major depression [14–16].”
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“Four of six randomized clinical trials found duloxetine to be superior to placebo for the acute treatment of MDD.(33,34) Several studies have found that duloxetine is effective for the pain complaints associated with depression.”
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Self-citationDuloxetine in treatment of anxiety symptoms associated with depression
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Self-citationDuloxetine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in Older Patients
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“; study 3 reported in Goldstein et al.(24); studies 4–6 are unpublished studies, Eli Lilly and Company.”
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“of Its Antidepressant Effect in Patients with Major Depressive”
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“Antidepressants acting on the noradrenergic system (i.e., SNRIs) are associated with significantly greater increases in blood pressure and heart rate than those observed with selective serotonergic antidepressants (Bielski et al., 2004; Goldstein et al., 2002; Sir et al., 2005).”
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“In active comparator-controlled studies, duloxetine was observed to be more effective than both fluoxetine [66] and paroxetine [70] on several measures of depression.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Goldstein, D. J., Mallinckrodt, C., Lu, Y., & Demitrack, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2002-03-15
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 225-231
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003363634
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 17.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Keywords
- duloxetine, major depressive disorder, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine, antidepressant efficacy, drug safety and tolerability, treatment response and remission, insomnia, asthenia, adverse events
- MeSH terms
- Duloxetine Hydrochloride, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Major Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Thiophenes, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
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