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Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results From the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
Article AbstractObjectives: To present nationally representative findings on prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, disability, and comorbidity of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) among men and women. Method: Face-to-face interviews with 34,653 adults participating in the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions conducted between 2004 and 2005 in the United States. Results: Prevalence of lifetime NPD was 6.2%, with rates greater for men (7.7%) than for women (4.8%). NPD was significantly more prevalent among black men and women and Hispanic women, younger adults, and separated/divorced/widowed and never married adults. NPD was associated with mental disability among men but not women. High co-occurrence rates of substance use, mood, and anxiety disorders and other personality disorders were observed. With additional comorbidity controlled for, associations with bipolar I disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizotypal and borderline personality disorders remained significant, but weakened, among men and women. Similar associations were observed between NPD and specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar II disorder among women and between NPD and alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and histrionic and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders among men. Dysthymic disorder was significantly and negatively associated with NPD. Conclusion: NPD is a prevalent personality disorder in the general U.S. population and is associated with considerable disability among men, whose rates exceed those of women. NPD may not be as stable as previously recognized or described in the DSM-IV. The results highlight the need for further research from numerous perspectives to identify the unique and common genetic and environmental factors underlying the disorder-specific associations with NPD observed in this study.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With additional comorbidity controlled for, associations with bipolar I disorder, PTSD, and schizotypal and borderline PDs remained significant, but weakened, among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar associations were observed between NPD and specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar II disorder among women; and alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High co-occurrence rates of substance use, mood, anxiety, and other personality disorders (PDs) were observed.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar associations were observed between NPD and specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar II disorder among women; and alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The odds of NPD were also significantly (p < 0.01) greater among Black men and women and among Hispanic women.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“NPD was significantly more prevalent among Black men and women and Hispanic women, younger adults, and separated/divorced/widowed and never married adults.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of NPD were significantly greater among men (7.7%) than among women (4.8%).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“with rates greater for men (7.7%) than women (4.8%)”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of NPD in the NESARC sample was 6.2% (Table 1).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Prevalence of lifetime NPD was 6.2%, with rates greater for men (7.7%) than women (4.8%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dysthymia was significantly and negatively associated with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the total sample, prevalences of NPD among respondents with lifetime mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were 11.9%, 11.5%, and 8.8%, respectively (Table 3).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence of NPD among respondents with any other PD was 20.2%, with rates significantly greater for men (23.0%) than for women (17.4%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the total sample, prevalences of NPD among respondents with lifetime mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were 11.9%, 11.5%, and 8.8%, respectively (Table 3).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of alcohol abuse and dependence and any drug use disorder were greater among men with NPD than among women with NPD, whereas women with NPD had greater rates of MDD and anxiety disorders except panic disorder without agoraphobia and social phobia.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of NPD were significantly greater among men than women with alcohol and drug abuse and dependence, nicotine dependence, MDD, bipolar I disorder, and anxiety disorders except panic disorder with agoraphobia.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of alcohol abuse and dependence and any drug use disorder were greater among men with NPD than among women with NPD, whereas women with NPD had greater rates of MDD and anxiety disorders except panic disorder without agoraphobia and social phobia.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the total sample, prevalences of NPD among respondents with lifetime mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were 11.9%, 11.5%, and 8.8%, respectively (Table 3).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the total sample and among men, associations of NPD with alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence remained significant, but were reduced in magnitude.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In general, co-occurrence rates of other psychiatric disorders among individuals with NPD were much greater than the co-occurrence rates of NPD among individuals with other psychiatric disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD also remained significantly, but less strongly, associated with specific phobia and bipolar II disorder among women, with a similar pattern observed for associations between NPD and bipolar I disorder, GAD, and PTSD among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences (p < 0.01) in the strength of associations observed between men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast to distributions observed in the general population, rates of NPD among individuals with most substance, mood and anxiety disorders were greater among men than women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence of NPD among respondents with any other PD was 20.2%, with rates significantly greater for men (23.0%) than for women (17.4%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only exception was that alcohol abuse was not associated with NPD among men or women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of NPD were significantly greater among men with paranoid, schizoid, borderline, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive PDs than among women with these PDs.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of whether 12-month or lifetime associations were examined, the majority of the odds ratios for associations between NPD and most other substance use, mood, anxiety, and other PDs were strong and significant with control only for sociodemographic characteristics.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD remained significantly associated with drug dependence and with histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men, whereas NPD remained significantly associated with bipolar II and GAD among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When only sociodemographic characteristics were controlled, nearly all associations between NPD and other psychiatric disorders were positive and significant, both for the total sample and among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When comorbidity was additionally controlled, many associations between NPD and other Axis I and II disorders that were observed when only sociodemographic factors were controlled were no longer significant.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of NPD in this general population sample was 6.2%, which falls in the middle of the broad range of estimates (0.0%–14.7%) found in previous epidemiologic surveys.25–38”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With regard to other PDs, men with NPD were significantly more likely than women with NPD to have antisocial PD, whereas women with NPD were significantly more likely than men with NPD to have borderline PD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the total sample and among men and women, lifetime NPD was significantly associated with all lifetime Axis I and II disorders except alcohol abuse and dysthymia when only sociodemographic factors were controlled.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD was negatively associated with panic disorder with agoraphobia among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences (p < 0.01) in the magnitude of associations between men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When only sociodemographic characteristics were controlled, NPD was significantly associated with each SF-12v2 mental disability score among both men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Disability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalences of mood, anxiety, substance use, and other PDs among respondents with NPD were 49.5%, 54.7%, 64.2%, and 62.9%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Odds ratios were no longer significant, or were reduced, when additional comorbidity was controlled.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For other disorders, odds ratios remained significant but were reduced in magnitude.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to results for 12-month disorders, rates of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence were significantly greater among men than among women with NPD, whereas rates of MDD, bipolar II, and anxiety disorders except social phobia were greater among women with NPD than among men with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD also remained significantly, but less strongly, associated with specific phobia and bipolar II disorder among women, with a similar pattern observed for associations between NPD and bipolar I disorder, GAD, and PTSD among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalences of mood, anxiety, substance use, and other PDs among respondents with NPD were 49.5%, 54.7%, 64.2%, and 62.9%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to results for 12-month disorders, rates of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence were significantly greater among men than among women with NPD, whereas rates of MDD, bipolar II, and anxiety disorders except social phobia were greater among women with NPD than among men with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study also identified sociodemographic characteristics associated with increased odds of NPD that were not generally reported in previous clinical and epidemiologic research due to limitations in sample size.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With additional control for comorbidity, NPD was significantly related to two SF-12v2 mental disability scores: role emotional functioning and mental health only among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Disability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Men with lifetime NPD had greater disability than men without NPD, even when sociodemographic characteristics and other Axis I and II psychiatric disorders were controlled.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Disability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD remained significantly associated with drug dependence and with histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men, whereas NPD remained significantly associated with bipolar II and GAD among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With regard to other PDs, men with NPD were significantly more likely than women with NPD to have antisocial PD, whereas women with NPD were significantly more likely than men with NPD to have borderline PD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By far, the prevalence of NPD in the total sample was greatest among respondents with antisocial and histrionic PDs.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dysthymia, not significantly associated with NPD when only sociodemographic factors were controlled, became negatively associated with NPD among men and women with additional control for other psychiatric disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Odds ratios measuring associations of NPD with bipolar I, PTSD, and schizotypal and borderline PDs remained significant but were reduced among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalences of mood, anxiety, substance use, and other PDs among respondents with NPD were 49.5%, 54.7%, 64.2%, and 62.9%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalences of mood, anxiety, substance use, and other PDs among respondents with NPD were 49.5%, 54.7%, 64.2%, and 62.9%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, in those cases when associations remained significant among both men and women, there were no differences in the magnitude of the associations.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The strong relationship between NPD and histrionic PD found in early studies18–21,83 was observed in the present study only among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19]
- Not checked yetcites [20]
- Not checked yetcites [21]
- Not checked yetcites [83]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present study has also identified population subgroups at risk for NPD that have rarely been reported in previous studies.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the present study found that disability was associated with NPD among men, but not among women, when other psychiatric disorders were controlled for in the analyses.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, a significant negative lifetime association between NPD and dysthymia among both men and women was observed in this study.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The association with obsessive-compulsive PD has been observed in some prior clinical studies,20,21 but was found only among men in the present study.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20]
- Not checked yetcites [21]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Relative to clinical work on NPD, very little is known about the correlates, disability, and comorbidity of NPD in general population samples.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25]
- Not checked yetcites [26]
- Not checked yetcites [27]
- Not checked yetcites [28]
- Not checked yetcites [29]
- Not checked yetcites [30]
- Not checked yetcites [31]
- Not checked yetcites [32]
- Not checked yetcites [33]
- Not checked yetcites [34]
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Among the 10 personality disorders (PDs) defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), NPD has received the least empirical attention.2,3”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2]
- Not checked yetcites [3]
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD may not be as stable as previously recognized or described in the DSM-IV.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The majority of clinical studies conducted between 1985 and 19944,5 and since that time6–15 have not found significant associations of NPD with most mood and anxiety disorders with the possible exception of bipolar disorder.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4]
- Not checked yetcites [5]
- Not checked yetcites [6]
- Not checked yetcites [7]
- Not checked yetcites [8]
- Not checked yetcites [9]
- Not checked yetcites [10]
- Not checked yetcites [11]
- Not checked yetcites [12]
- Not checked yetcites [13]
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Only one large epidemiologic survey (n=2,053),39 conducted in Oslo, Norway, yielded information on basic sociodemographic factors.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Reliabilities of the associated symptom scales (i.e., sums of criteria) were higher (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.50–0.83).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Personality Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53]
- Not checked yetcites [54]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Convergent validity of PDs assessed in Wave 1 was good to excellent and is reported in detail elsewhere.47–49”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Personality Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47]
- Not checked yetcites [48]
- Not checked yetcites [49]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Convergent, discriminant, and construct validity of AUDADIS-IV substance use disorder diagnoses were good to excellent,60–64 including in the World Health Organization/National Institutes of Health International Study on Reliability and Validity,65–70 in which clinical reappraisals documented good validity of DSM-IV alcohol and drug use disorder diagnoses (κ= 0.54–0.76).56,65”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Other Psychiatric Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [60]
- Not checked yetcites [61]
- Not checked yetcites [62]
- Not checked yetcites [63]
- Not checked yetcites [64]
- Not checked yetcites [65]
- Not checked yetcites [66]
- Not checked yetcites [67]
- Not checked yetcites [68]
- Not checked yetcites [69]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Kappa (κ) coefficient for NPD was 0.70; reliabilities of other PDs ranged from fair to good (κ= 0.40–0.71).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Personality Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53]
- Not checked yetcites [54]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Others36–38 selected subsamples of individuals from larger general population samples based on responses to PD screening instruments or psychopathology in general, further limiting the sample size and precision of prevalence estimates.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36]
- Not checked yetcites [37]
- Not checked yetcites [38]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Test-retest reliabilities for AUDADIS-IV mood, anxiety, and PD diagnoses in the general population and clinical samples were fair to good (κ= 0.40–0.77).53,54,56”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Other Psychiatric Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53]
- Not checked yetcites [54]
- Not checked yetcites [56]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“These findings are consistent with the only prospective follow-up80 of patients with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD may be more prevalent among young adults due to developmental challenges in the transition from adolescence to adulthood.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The prevalence of NPD in this general population sample was 6.2%, which falls in the middle of the broad range of estimates (0.0%–14.7%) found in previous epidemiologic surveys.25–38”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25]
- Not checked yetcites [26]
- Not checked yetcites [27]
- Not checked yetcites [28]
- Not checked yetcites [29]
- Not checked yetcites [30]
- Not checked yetcites [31]
- Not checked yetcites [32]
- Not checked yetcites [33]
- Not checked yetcites [34]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“No clinical or epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between race-ethnicity and NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79]
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The discrepancy in rates of NPD between this study and some others may be partly due to limitations of prior surveys with respect to geographically restricted and small sample sizes.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results also suggest that NPD may not meet current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria that reflect enduring personality traits.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these results suggest that NPD in adolescence and early adulthood may not always develop into adult NPD through possible mechanisms associated with developmental life experiences.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Although small (n=20), this 3-year follow-up found that about 50% of the 22- to 45-year-old subjects with DSM-IV NPD at baseline did not qualify for the diagnosis 3 years later.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesWhat the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Wave 2 response rate, much higher than that obtained in most national surveys to date, combined with statistical adjustments for nonresponse at both the person and household levels on numerous sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of any lifetime Wave 1 Axis I or II disorder, considerably minimized the impact of nonresponse bias on study findings.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results strongly suggest that much of the disability associated with NPD among women may be attributed to its comorbidity with other disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the total sample, an inverse relationship of NPD with age was observed; this result generalized to both men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD was associated with mental disability among men but not women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Respondents who were separated/divorced/widowed or never married were more likely to have NPD in the total sample and among women. Among men, respondents who were separated/divorced/widowed also had a greater odds of NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alcohol dependence (13.1%), bipolar I (14.1%), and PTSD (19.5%) were the most prevalent disorders in their classes among respondents with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of NPD was significantly (p < 0.01) greater among men than women with alcohol use disorders, drug dependence, nicotine dependence, MDD, bipolar I disorder, and anxiety disorders except panic disorder with agoraphobia and social phobia.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of any 12-month substance use, mood, and anxiety disorder among respondents with lifetime NPD were 40.6%, 28.6%, and 40.0%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bipolar I disorder (23.8%), panic disorder with agoraphobia (19.9%), and drug dependence (22.0%) were the most prevalent disorders in their classes.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the total sample, the prevalences of NPD among respondents with mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were 17.4%, 15.2%, and 11.8%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within these broad categories, rates of NPD were greatest among respondents with 12-month bipolar I (31.1%), panic disorder with agoraphobia (23.9%), and drug dependence (34.9%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mirroring the distribution of psychiatric disorders in the general population, men with NPD had significantly higher rates of most substance use disorders and antisocial PD, whereas women with NPD generally had higher rates of MDD and most anxiety disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, 12-month associations of NPD with alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence remained significant among men, whereas lifetime associations remained significant only for drug abuse among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twelve-month and lifetime associations of NPD with bipolar I and PTSD remained significant, but were reduced, among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twelvemonth associations between NPD and GAD remained significant for both sexes, whereas the corresponding lifetime association was only significant among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, the co-occurrence rates of NPD among individuals with other psychiatric disorders were lower than the corresponding rates of other psychiatric disorders among individuals with NPD, but were far from trivial.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within these diagnostic classes, MDD (20.6%) and bipolar I disorder (20.1%), specific phobia (27.4%) and PTSD (25.7%), alcohol dependence (30.6%), and borderline PD (37.0%) were the most prevalent among respondents with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD was inversely related to age, with the greatest decline occurring after age 29 years.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At variance with 1 epidemiologic study39 that found no sex differences in prevalence of NPD, this study found higher rates of NPD among men than among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“New findings from the NESARC showed that rates of NPD were higher among Black men and women and Hispanic men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rates of NPD were generally greater among individuals who were separated, divorced, or widowed, results that did not vary by sex.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Further, NPD was highly comorbid with borderline and schizotypal PDs among both men and women, consistent with some,18,20,21,83 but not all,22–24 prior clinical research.22–24”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [20]
- Not checked yetcites [21]
- Not checked yetcites [83]
- Not checked yetcites [22]
- Not checked yetcites [23]
- Not checked yetcites [24]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For both time periods, NPD was significantly associated with bipolar II among women, and the 12-month association between NPD and specific phobia remained significant, but reduced, only among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although no prior study has examined sex differences in NPD comorbidity, the present study found that some substance use disorders were associated with NPD among men, whereas GAD, specific phobia, and bipolar II disorder were consistently associated with NPD among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“By contrast, NPD has consistently been shown to be associated with histrionic, antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal PDs,18–21 with mixed evidence for a relationship with borderline PD.20–24”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19]
- Not checked yetcites [20]
- Not checked yetcites [21]
- Not checked yetcites [22]
- Not checked yetcites [23]
- Not checked yetcites [24]
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although prevalence estimates of NPD are available from several early community surveys,25–35 these surveys were geographically restricted to states and usually to cities, in addition to being limited by small sample sizes (n=133–779).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25]
- Not checked yetcites [26]
- Not checked yetcites [27]
- Not checked yetcites [28]
- Not checked yetcites [29]
- Not checked yetcites [30]
- Not checked yetcites [31]
- Not checked yetcites [32]
- Not checked yetcites [33]
- Not checked yetcites [34]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Evidence linking NPD with substance use disorders, though strong in earlier clinical work,4 remains mixed when more recent clinical studies are considered.16,17”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4]
- Not checked yetcites [16]
- Not checked yetcites [17]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD is a prevalent PD in the general U.S. population and is associated with considerable disability among men, whose rates exceed those of women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disability was determined with the Short Form-12 Health survey, version 2 (SF-12v2).77 The SV-12v2 yields 3 profile scores that measure dimensions of mental disability: social functioning; role emotional functioning (measuring role impairment); and mental health.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Disability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [77]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Weighted Wave 2 data were then adjusted to be representative of the civilian population on socioeconomic variables including region, age, race-ethnicity and sex, based on the 2000 Decennial Census.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there were no significant differences between Wave 2 respondents and the target population with respect to age, race-ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, or the presence of any lifetime substance use, mood, anxiety, or personality disorder (each examined separately).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we selected a probability level of 0.01, rather than p < 0.05, for all statistical comparisons to minimize Type I statistical error.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample size and high response rate of the Wave 2 NESARC allow for reliable, precise estimation of lifetime prevalence of NPD, especially among important sociodemographic subgroups of the population, and allowed for the examination of comorbidity of NPD with specific Axis I and II disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Multiple linear regression analyses examined the relationships of NPD with each of the 3 SF-12v2 disability scores, controlling first for sociodemographic characteristics and then controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other psychiatric disorders, to determine the independent contribution of NPD to disability.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The reliability of AUDADIS-IV alcohol and drug diagnoses is documented in clinical and general population samples,53,54,56–59 with test-retest reliability ranging from good to excellent (κ= 0.70–0.91).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Other Psychiatric Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53]
- Not checked yetcites [54]
- Not checked yetcites [56]
- Not checked yetcites [57]
- Not checked yetcites [58]
- Not checked yetcites [59]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Associations of NPD with other psychiatric disorders were calculated 2 ways. The first controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. The second further controlled for all other psychiatric disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Convergent validity was good to excellent for mood and anxiety diagnoses,71–76 and selected diagnoses showed good agreement (κ= 0.64–0.68) with psychiatrist reappraisals.56”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Other Psychiatric Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71]
- Not checked yetcites [72]
- Not checked yetcites [73]
- Not checked yetcites [74]
- Not checked yetcites [75]
- Not checked yetcites [76]
- Not checked yetcites [56]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The cumulative response rate at Wave 2 is equal to the product of the Wave 2 and Wave 1 response rates, or 70.2%.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Wave 2 response rate was 86.7%, reflecting 34,653 completed Wave 2 interviews.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“All standard errors and 99% confidence intervals were estimated using SUDAAN,78 which adjusts for design characteristics of complex surveys like the NESARC.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [78]
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Differences in diagnostic criteria, assessment instruments, and survey designs and methodologies may also have contributed to the discrepancies.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the decline in NPD rates from the 30- to 44-year-old age group to the group of respondents 45-to-64 years-old was small, suggesting an enduring, severe PD, at least in some individuals.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These findings are consistent with prior studies that have shown that NPD relative to other PDs was uniquely related to causing significant others pain an duress3 and that the NPD is largely associated with costs experienced by others.81, 82”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3]
- Not checked yetcites [81]
- Not checked yetcites [82]
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the present study with the outcome of the clinical prospective study suggests that age differences observed in this study may in part be real, and cannot be attributed solely to artifacts such as longer duration of illness, selective mortality, cohort effects, or recall or other biases.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The drop in magnitude of these associations when other comorbidity was controlled for is analogous to that in twin and genetic study designs and suggests that much of the association of NPD with these disorders appears due to factors common to these disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The findings on comorbidity in the present study are consistent with most early clinical research4 that demonstrated the strongest relationships between NPD and bipolar I and substance use disorders, but at variance with most previous clinical research that has found no associations between NPD and specific anxiety disorders.4,9,11,13,15”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4]
- Not checked yetcites [9]
- Not checked yetcites [11]
- Not checked yetcites [13]
- Not checked yetcites [15]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“That NPD was associated with social and role dysfunction is consistent with the definition of NPD in the DSM-IV as well as with findings from 1 clinical study.3”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, the prevalence of NPD in this U.S. general population sample was significantly greater among men than among women and the disorder was associated with substantial mental disability among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That the relationship between NPD and disability among men remained significant with adjustments for comorbidity further suggests that NPD may have a more severe expression in men relative to women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, NPD was inversely related to age, suggesting that the disorder may be less chronic than previously recognized.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Taken together, these results suggest a propensity of men with NPD to self-medicate to maintain a sense of omnipotence and grandiosity, to protect a very fragile self esteem,1 and to ameliorate feelings of depression, guilt, and worthlessness associated with dysthymia.84”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1]
- Not checked yetcites [84]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the NESARC included a group quarters sampling frame, some special populations were not included in the sample, e.g., individuals under age 18 years and those incarcerated or hospitalized during the interview periods.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior epidemiologic study has examined disability in people with NPD or assessed NPD comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders.
“No prior epidemiologic work has examined disability among individuals with NPD or assessed comorbidity of NPD with other Axis I and II disorders.”
The paper relies on this without support.
NPD differs from other DSM-IV personality disorders in its comorbidity pattern.
“NPD also appears to differ from other DSM-IV PDs with respect to comorbidity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known about sex differences in NPD.
“Because so little is known about sex differences in NPD, information on correlates, disability, and comorbidity of NPD is presented for the total sample and by sex.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The relationship between trauma and narcissism has been documented [58, 65–67] and the term ‘trauma-associated narcissistic symptoms’ has been proposed to identify such features [68].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Finally, participants reported their relative as engaging in various forms of substance use, consistent with prevalence data indicating high co-occurrence of narcissism and substance use [65].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“with prevalence estimates in the U.S. general population reaching up to 6.2% (44–46), with notably higher rates among men (7.7%) than women (4.8%) (44).”
From Psychoanalytically informed MDMA-assisted therapy for pathological narcissism: a novel theoretical approach (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“PDs are highly co-morbid with anxiety and depression [35–38], and these disorders are known to be associated with an increased risk of disability pensioning [3–6].”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The symptoms might therefore work as mediators instead of confounders, making the adjustments overly conservative and underestimating the true effects of PDs.”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The NESARC Wave 2 data were carefully weighted to reflect design characteristics, adjustments for non-response, and attrition between Wave 1 and Wave 2.”
From ADHD and the externalizing spectrum: direct comparison of categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of liability in a nationally representative sample (2014) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Sex-specific race-ethnicity finding conflicts with another discussion statement
MajorOne discussion passage says Hispanic men had higher NPD rates, but another passage says the higher-risk minority groups were Black men and women and Hispanic women. These statements cannot both describe the study findings as written.
“New findings from the NESARC showed that rates of NPD were higher among Black men and women and Hispanic men.”
“The odds of NPD were also significantly (p < 0.01) greater among Black men and women and among Hispanic women.”
The discussion swaps drug dependence for drug abuse
MinorThe lifetime-results section says the adjusted association among men remained significant for drug dependence. The discussion instead says that, among the listed substance-use disorders, only drug abuse retained a significant lifetime association.
“whereas lifetime associations remained significant only for drug abuse among men.”
“NPD remained significantly associated with drug dependence and with histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men”
Alcohol abuse is both an exception and a retained association
MinorThe 12-month results say alcohol abuse was not associated with NPD among men or women in the initial analysis, then say its association among men remained significant after additional adjustment.
“The only exception was that alcohol abuse was not associated with NPD among men or women.”
“For the total sample and among men, associations of NPD with alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence remained significant, but were reduced in magnitude.”
Citations
Cites
Talbott, J. (2006) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70128-2 · Cited by 1,434
The Prevalence of Personality Disorders in a Community Sample
Torgersen, S. O., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.590 · Cited by 1,356
DSM-IV Personality Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.019 · Cited by 1,352
Grant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, P. S., Kay, W., & Pickering, R. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00070-x · Cited by 1,110
Self-citationPathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain
Coid, J., Yang, M., Tyrer, P., Roberts, A., & Ullrich, S. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.188.5.423 · Cited by 901
Grant, B., Harford, T., Dawson, D., Chou, P., & Pickering, R. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01134-k · Cited by 689
Self-citationRuan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Smith, S. M., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Dawson, D. A., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.001 · Cited by 557
Self-citationUnderstanding the Social Costs of Narcissism: The Case of the Tragedy of the Commons
Campbell, W. K., Bush, C. P., Brunell, A. B., & Shelton, J. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205274855 · Cited by 370
Hasin, D., Carpenter, K. M., McCloud, S., Smith, M., & Grant, B. F. (1997) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)01332-x · Cited by 369
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.010 · Cited by 963
“…Grant et al., 2004c; Grant et al., 2005c); antisocial PD was assessed at both waves (Goldstein & Grant, 2009); and schizotypal, narcissistic, and borderline PDs were assessed in Wave 2 (Grant et al., 2008; Stinson, Dawson, Goldstein, Chou, Huang, Smith, Ruan, Pulay, Saha, Pickering, & Grant, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNarcissism in organizational contexts
Campbell, W. K., Hoffman, B. J., Campbell, S. M., & Marchisio, G. (2010) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.007 · Cited by 729
“The result is that the point prevalence of NPD is relatively low, while the prevalence of those with narcissistic symptoms (but without the sufficient distress to cross the line into the clinical disorder) is much larger (e.g., Stinson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHasin, D. S., & Grant, B. F. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1088-0 · Cited by 452
“[53, 54], suggesting that long-term personality dysfunction in late adolescence/early adulthood may impair their ability to complete education.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenerational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me
Twenge, J. M. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03310.x · Cited by 430
Metadata
- Authors
- Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Golstein, R. B., Chou, P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., Ruan, W. J., Pulay, A. J., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., & Grant, B. F.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grant, Bridget F.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2008-07-15
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1033-1045
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2669224
- OpenAlex
- W4233879649
- Semantic Scholar
- 799d3729818a4076ab108aef29b5d66945ddfd6e
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 15.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99‐AA999999)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000449)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- narcissistic personality disorder, prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, disability, comorbidities, sex differences, substance use disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, dysthymia, NESARC
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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