The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 120 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results From the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
Article AbstractObjectives: To present nationally representative findings on prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, disability, and comorbidity of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) among men and women. Method: Face-to-face interviews with 34,653 adults participating in the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions conducted between 2004 and 2005 in the United States. Results: Prevalence of lifetime NPD was 6.2%, with rates greater for men (7.7%) than for women (4.8%). NPD was significantly more prevalent among black men and women and Hispanic women, younger adults, and separated/divorced/widowed and never married adults. NPD was associated with mental disability among men but not women. High co-occurrence rates of substance use, mood, and anxiety disorders and other personality disorders were observed. With additional comorbidity controlled for, associations with bipolar I disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizotypal and borderline personality disorders remained significant, but weakened, among men and women. Similar associations were observed between NPD and specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar II disorder among women and between NPD and alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and histrionic and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders among men. Dysthymic disorder was significantly and negatively associated with NPD. Conclusion: NPD is a prevalent personality disorder in the general U.S. population and is associated with considerable disability among men, whose rates exceed those of women. NPD may not be as stable as previously recognized or described in the DSM-IV. The results highlight the need for further research from numerous perspectives to identify the unique and common genetic and environmental factors underlying the disorder-specific associations with NPD observed in this study.
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73 Own result · 29 Not checked yet · 14 Own interpretation · 10 Own method · 1 No basis given
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“With additional comorbidity controlled for, associations with bipolar I disorder, PTSD, and schizotypal and borderline PDs remained significant, but weakened, among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similar associations were observed between NPD and specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar II disorder among women; and alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High co-occurrence rates of substance use, mood, anxiety, and other personality disorders (PDs) were observed.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar associations were observed between NPD and specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar II disorder among women; and alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The odds of NPD were also significantly (p < 0.01) greater among Black men and women and among Hispanic women.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“NPD was significantly more prevalent among Black men and women and Hispanic women, younger adults, and separated/divorced/widowed and never married adults.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of NPD were significantly greater among men (7.7%) than among women (4.8%).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“with rates greater for men (7.7%) than women (4.8%)”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of NPD in the NESARC sample was 6.2% (Table 1).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Prevalence of lifetime NPD was 6.2%, with rates greater for men (7.7%) than women (4.8%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dysthymia was significantly and negatively associated with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the total sample, prevalences of NPD among respondents with lifetime mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were 11.9%, 11.5%, and 8.8%, respectively (Table 3).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prevalence of NPD among respondents with any other PD was 20.2%, with rates significantly greater for men (23.0%) than for women (17.4%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the total sample, an inverse relationship of NPD with age was observed; this result generalized to both men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD was associated with mental disability among men but not women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Respondents who were separated/divorced/widowed or never married were more likely to have NPD in the total sample and among women. Among men, respondents who were separated/divorced/widowed also had a greater odds of NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alcohol dependence (13.1%), bipolar I (14.1%), and PTSD (19.5%) were the most prevalent disorders in their classes among respondents with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prevalence of NPD was significantly (p < 0.01) greater among men than women with alcohol use disorders, drug dependence, nicotine dependence, MDD, bipolar I disorder, and anxiety disorders except panic disorder with agoraphobia and social phobia.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of any 12-month substance use, mood, and anxiety disorder among respondents with lifetime NPD were 40.6%, 28.6%, and 40.0%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bipolar I disorder (23.8%), panic disorder with agoraphobia (19.9%), and drug dependence (22.0%) were the most prevalent disorders in their classes.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the total sample, the prevalences of NPD among respondents with mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were 17.4%, 15.2%, and 11.8%, respectively.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within these broad categories, rates of NPD were greatest among respondents with 12-month bipolar I (31.1%), panic disorder with agoraphobia (23.9%), and drug dependence (34.9%).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mirroring the distribution of psychiatric disorders in the general population, men with NPD had significantly higher rates of most substance use disorders and antisocial PD, whereas women with NPD generally had higher rates of MDD and most anxiety disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, 12-month associations of NPD with alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence remained significant among men, whereas lifetime associations remained significant only for drug abuse among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twelve-month and lifetime associations of NPD with bipolar I and PTSD remained significant, but were reduced, among men and women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twelvemonth associations between NPD and GAD remained significant for both sexes, whereas the corresponding lifetime association was only significant among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, the co-occurrence rates of NPD among individuals with other psychiatric disorders were lower than the corresponding rates of other psychiatric disorders among individuals with NPD, but were far from trivial.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within these diagnostic classes, MDD (20.6%) and bipolar I disorder (20.1%), specific phobia (27.4%) and PTSD (25.7%), alcohol dependence (30.6%), and borderline PD (37.0%) were the most prevalent among respondents with NPD.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Co-Occurrence of Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD was inversely related to age, with the greatest decline occurring after age 29 years.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At variance with 1 epidemiologic study39 that found no sex differences in prevalence of NPD, this study found higher rates of NPD among men than among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“New findings from the NESARC showed that rates of NPD were higher among Black men and women and Hispanic men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rates of NPD were generally greater among individuals who were separated, divorced, or widowed, results that did not vary by sex.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Further, NPD was highly comorbid with borderline and schizotypal PDs among both men and women, consistent with some,18,20,21,83 but not all,22–24 prior clinical research.22–24”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [20]
- Not checked yetcites [21]
- Not checked yetcites [83]
- Not checked yetcites [22]
- Not checked yetcites [23]
- Not checked yetcites [24]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For both time periods, NPD was significantly associated with bipolar II among women, and the 12-month association between NPD and specific phobia remained significant, but reduced, only among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although no prior study has examined sex differences in NPD comorbidity, the present study found that some substance use disorders were associated with NPD among men, whereas GAD, specific phobia, and bipolar II disorder were consistently associated with NPD among women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“By contrast, NPD has consistently been shown to be associated with histrionic, antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal PDs,18–21 with mixed evidence for a relationship with borderline PD.20–24”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19]
- Not checked yetcites [20]
- Not checked yetcites [21]
- Not checked yetcites [22]
- Not checked yetcites [23]
- Not checked yetcites [24]
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although prevalence estimates of NPD are available from several early community surveys,25–35 these surveys were geographically restricted to states and usually to cities, in addition to being limited by small sample sizes (n=133–779).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25]
- Not checked yetcites [26]
- Not checked yetcites [27]
- Not checked yetcites [28]
- Not checked yetcites [29]
- Not checked yetcites [30]
- Not checked yetcites [31]
- Not checked yetcites [32]
- Not checked yetcites [33]
- Not checked yetcites [34]
plainn = 133- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Evidence linking NPD with substance use disorders, though strong in earlier clinical work,4 remains mixed when more recent clinical studies are considered.16,17”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4]
- Not checked yetcites [16]
- Not checked yetcites [17]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“NPD is a prevalent PD in the general U.S. population and is associated with considerable disability among men, whose rates exceed those of women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Abstract > Conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disability was determined with the Short Form-12 Health survey, version 2 (SF-12v2).77 The SV-12v2 yields 3 profile scores that measure dimensions of mental disability: social functioning; role emotional functioning (measuring role impairment); and mental health.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Disability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [77]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Weighted Wave 2 data were then adjusted to be representative of the civilian population on socioeconomic variables including region, age, race-ethnicity and sex, based on the 2000 Decennial Census.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there were no significant differences between Wave 2 respondents and the target population with respect to age, race-ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, or the presence of any lifetime substance use, mood, anxiety, or personality disorder (each examined separately).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we selected a probability level of 0.01, rather than p < 0.05, for all statistical comparisons to minimize Type I statistical error.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample size and high response rate of the Wave 2 NESARC allow for reliable, precise estimation of lifetime prevalence of NPD, especially among important sociodemographic subgroups of the population, and allowed for the examination of comorbidity of NPD with specific Axis I and II disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Multiple linear regression analyses examined the relationships of NPD with each of the 3 SF-12v2 disability scores, controlling first for sociodemographic characteristics and then controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other psychiatric disorders, to determine the independent contribution of NPD to disability.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The reliability of AUDADIS-IV alcohol and drug diagnoses is documented in clinical and general population samples,53,54,56–59 with test-retest reliability ranging from good to excellent (κ= 0.70–0.91).”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Other Psychiatric Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53]
- Not checked yetcites [54]
- Not checked yetcites [56]
- Not checked yetcites [57]
- Not checked yetcites [58]
- Not checked yetcites [59]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Associations of NPD with other psychiatric disorders were calculated 2 ways. The first controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. The second further controlled for all other psychiatric disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Convergent validity was good to excellent for mood and anxiety diagnoses,71–76 and selected diagnoses showed good agreement (κ= 0.64–0.68) with psychiatrist reappraisals.56”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Other Psychiatric Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71]
- Not checked yetcites [72]
- Not checked yetcites [73]
- Not checked yetcites [74]
- Not checked yetcites [75]
- Not checked yetcites [76]
- Not checked yetcites [56]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The cumulative response rate at Wave 2 is equal to the product of the Wave 2 and Wave 1 response rates, or 70.2%.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Wave 2 response rate was 86.7%, reflecting 34,653 completed Wave 2 interviews.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Sample
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“All standard errors and 99% confidence intervals were estimated using SUDAAN,78 which adjusts for design characteristics of complex surveys like the NESARC.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Methods > Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [78]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Differences in diagnostic criteria, assessment instruments, and survey designs and methodologies may also have contributed to the discrepancies.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the decline in NPD rates from the 30- to 44-year-old age group to the group of respondents 45-to-64 years-old was small, suggesting an enduring, severe PD, at least in some individuals.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These findings are consistent with prior studies that have shown that NPD relative to other PDs was uniquely related to causing significant others pain an duress3 and that the NPD is largely associated with costs experienced by others.81, 82”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3]
- Not checked yetcites [81]
- Not checked yetcites [82]
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the present study with the outcome of the clinical prospective study suggests that age differences observed in this study may in part be real, and cannot be attributed solely to artifacts such as longer duration of illness, selective mortality, cohort effects, or recall or other biases.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The drop in magnitude of these associations when other comorbidity was controlled for is analogous to that in twin and genetic study designs and suggests that much of the association of NPD with these disorders appears due to factors common to these disorders.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The findings on comorbidity in the present study are consistent with most early clinical research4 that demonstrated the strongest relationships between NPD and bipolar I and substance use disorders, but at variance with most previous clinical research that has found no associations between NPD and specific anxiety disorders.4,9,11,13,15”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4]
- Not checked yetcites [9]
- Not checked yetcites [11]
- Not checked yetcites [13]
- Not checked yetcites [15]
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“That NPD was associated with social and role dysfunction is consistent with the definition of NPD in the DSM-IV as well as with findings from 1 clinical study.3”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, the prevalence of NPD in this U.S. general population sample was significantly greater among men than among women and the disorder was associated with substantial mental disability among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That the relationship between NPD and disability among men remained significant with adjustments for comorbidity further suggests that NPD may have a more severe expression in men relative to women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, NPD was inversely related to age, suggesting that the disorder may be less chronic than previously recognized.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Taken together, these results suggest a propensity of men with NPD to self-medicate to maintain a sense of omnipotence and grandiosity, to protect a very fragile self esteem,1 and to ameliorate feelings of depression, guilt, and worthlessness associated with dysthymia.84”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1]
- Not checked yetcites [84]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the NESARC included a group quarters sampling frame, some special populations were not included in the sample, e.g., individuals under age 18 years and those incarcerated or hospitalized during the interview periods.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior epidemiologic study has examined disability in people with NPD or assessed NPD comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders.
“No prior epidemiologic work has examined disability among individuals with NPD or assessed comorbidity of NPD with other Axis I and II disorders.”
The paper relies on this without support.
NPD differs from other DSM-IV personality disorders in its comorbidity pattern.
“NPD also appears to differ from other DSM-IV PDs with respect to comorbidity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known about sex differences in NPD.
“Because so little is known about sex differences in NPD, information on correlates, disability, and comorbidity of NPD is presented for the total sample and by sex.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The relationship between trauma and narcissism has been documented [58, 65–67] and the term ‘trauma-associated narcissistic symptoms’ has been proposed to identify such features [68].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Finally, participants reported their relative as engaging in various forms of substance use, consistent with prevalence data indicating high co-occurrence of narcissism and substance use [65].”
From Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“with prevalence estimates in the U.S. general population reaching up to 6.2% (44–46), with notably higher rates among men (7.7%) than women (4.8%) (44).”
From Psychoanalytically informed MDMA-assisted therapy for pathological narcissism: a novel theoretical approach (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“PDs are highly co-morbid with anxiety and depression [35–38], and these disorders are known to be associated with an increased risk of disability pensioning [3–6].”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The symptoms might therefore work as mediators instead of confounders, making the adjustments overly conservative and underestimating the true effects of PDs.”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The NESARC Wave 2 data were carefully weighted to reflect design characteristics, adjustments for non-response, and attrition between Wave 1 and Wave 2.”
From ADHD and the externalizing spectrum: direct comparison of categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of liability in a nationally representative sample (2014) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
“New findings from the NESARC showed that rates of NPD were higher among Black men and women and Hispanic men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics
“The odds of NPD were also significantly (p < 0.01) greater among Black men and women and among Hispanic women.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Discussion
“whereas lifetime associations remained significant only for drug abuse among men.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and Lifetime Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
“NPD remained significantly associated with drug dependence and with histrionic and obsessive-compulsive PDs among men”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
“The only exception was that alcohol abuse was not associated with NPD among men or women.”
§ Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions > Results > Associations Between Lifetime DSM-IV NPD and 12-Month Axis I Psychiatric Disorders Controlling for Sociodemographic Characteristics and Other Psychiatric Disorders
“For the total sample and among men, associations of NPD with alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence remained significant, but were reduced in magnitude.”
Citations
Cites
Talbott, J. (2006) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70128-2 · Cited by 1,434
The Prevalence of Personality Disorders in a Community Sample
Torgersen, S. O., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.590 · Cited by 1,356
DSM-IV Personality Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.019 · Cited by 1,352
Grant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, P. S., Kay, W., & Pickering, R. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00070-x · Cited by 1,110
Self-citationPathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain
Coid, J., Yang, M., Tyrer, P., Roberts, A., & Ullrich, S. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.188.5.423 · Cited by 901
Grant, B., Harford, T., Dawson, D., Chou, P., & Pickering, R. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01134-k · Cited by 689
Self-citationRuan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Smith, S. M., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Dawson, D. A., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.001 · Cited by 557
Self-citationUnderstanding the Social Costs of Narcissism: The Case of the Tragedy of the Commons
Campbell, W. K., Bush, C. P., Brunell, A. B., & Shelton, J. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205274855 · Cited by 370
Hasin, D., Carpenter, K. M., McCloud, S., Smith, M., & Grant, B. F. (1997) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)01332-x · Cited by 369
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.010 · Cited by 963
“…Grant et al., 2004c; Grant et al., 2005c); antisocial PD was assessed at both waves (Goldstein & Grant, 2009); and schizotypal, narcissistic, and borderline PDs were assessed in Wave 2 (Grant et al., 2008; Stinson, Dawson, Goldstein, Chou, Huang, Smith, Ruan, Pulay, Saha, Pickering, & Grant, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNarcissism in organizational contexts
Campbell, W. K., Hoffman, B. J., Campbell, S. M., & Marchisio, G. (2010) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.007 · Cited by 729
“The result is that the point prevalence of NPD is relatively low, while the prevalence of those with narcissistic symptoms (but without the sufficient distress to cross the line into the clinical disorder) is much larger (e.g., Stinson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHasin, D. S., & Grant, B. F. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1088-0 · Cited by 452
“[53, 54], suggesting that long-term personality dysfunction in late adolescence/early adulthood may impair their ability to complete education.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenerational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me
Twenge, J. M. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03310.x · Cited by 430
Nepon, J., Belik, S.-L., Bolton, J., & Sareen, J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20674 · Cited by 374
Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550609355719 · Cited by 365
Owen, D., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp008 · Cited by 342
“A large epidemiological study has reached several interesting conclusions (Stinson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBlanco, C., Xu, Y., Brady, K. T., Pérez-Fuentes, G., Okuda, M., & Wang, S. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.016 · Cited by 329
Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Rüter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T., Lammers, C.-H., Heekeren, H. R., & Roepke, S. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013 · Cited by 287
Narcissistic rhetoric and crowdfunding performance: A social role theory perspective
Anglin, A. H., Wolfe, M. T., Short, J. C., McKenny, A. F., & Pidduck, R. J. (2018) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.04.004 · Cited by 285
Generational Changes in Materialism and Work Centrality, 1976-2007
Twenge, J. M., & Kasser, T. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213484586 · Cited by 305
The Higher Order Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory
Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R., Pincus, A. L., & Conroy, D. E. (2010) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191110373227 · Cited by 271
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges
Caligor, E., Levy, K. N., & Yeomans, F. E. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723 · Cited by 271
Origins of narcissism in children
Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S., Nelemans, S. A., Orobio de Castro, B., Overbeek, G., & Bushman, B. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1420870112 · Cited by 260
The Evidence for Generation Me and Against Generation We
Twenge, J. M. (2013) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696812466548 · Cited by 252
“The fifth data set examined NPD, the more severe, clinical form of the trait.”
InfluentialSkodol, A. E., Grilo, C. M., Keyes, K. M., Geier, T., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050695 · Cited by 225
Self-citationNarcissistic Personality Disorder: Facing DSM-V
Ronningstam, E. (2009) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20090301-09 · Cited by 226
BATEMAN, A. W., O’Connell, J., Lorenzini, N., Gardner, T., & Fonagy, P. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1000-9 · Cited by 223
Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults
Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182303775 · Cited by 174
“(35,37,38), and schizotypal, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorder”
BackgroundSelf-citationNarcissistic personality disorder: a current review.
Ronningstam, E. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0084-z · Cited by 177
The Deliberate Engagement of Narcissistic CEOs in Earnings Management
Buchholz, F., Lopatta, K., & Maas, K. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04176-x · Cited by 180
Ellison, W. D., Levy, K. N., Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2012.742904 · Cited by 137
Thoma, P., Friedmann, C., & Suchan, B. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.024 · Cited by 134
Conceptions of Narcissism and the DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2013) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191113486692 · Cited by 129
Interpersonal problems associated with narcissism among psychiatric outpatients
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Piper, W. E., Joyce, A. S., Steinberg, P. I., & Duggal, S. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.12.005 · Cited by 130
The relationship between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder
Zimmerman, M. A., & Morgan, T. A. (2013) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.2/mzimmerman · Cited by 127
Narcissistic Personality Disorder in DSM-V—In Support of Retaining a Significant Diagnosis
Ronningstam, E. (2011) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.248 · Cited by 122
Miller, J. D., Gaughan, E. T., Pryor, L. R., Kamen, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.02.001 · Cited by 119
Wille, B., Fruyt, F. D., & Clercq, B. J. D. (2012) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12016 · Cited by 113
Entering Adulthood in a Recession Tempers Later Narcissism
Bianchi, E. C. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614532818 · Cited by 100
“Fight or flight”: coping responses to brand hate
Bayarassou, O., Becheur, I., & Valette‐Florence, P. (2020) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-08-2019-2519 · Cited by 126
Gray matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
Schulze, L., Dziobek, I., Vater, A., Heekeren, H. R., Bajbouj, M., Renneberg, B., Heuser, I., & Roepke, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.017 · Cited by 102
Young, S. M., Du, F., Dworkis, K. K., & Olsen, K. J. (2015) · Journal of Management Accounting Research · doi:10.2308/jmar-51024 · Cited by 105
Weidmann, R., Chopik, W. J., Ackerman, R. A., Allroggen, M., Bianchi, E. C., Brecheen, C., Campbell, W. K., Gerlach, T. M., Geukes, K., Grijalva, E. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000463 · Cited by 129
“…Scale (HSNS; Barlett & Barlett, 2015), the Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES; Wilson & Sibley, 2011, Study 1), and the Narcissistic Personality Disorder Symptoms From the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Version IV ( DSM-IV NPD; Pulay et al., 2011; Stinson et al., 2008).”
Psychiatric comorbidity and the persistence of drug use disorders in the United States
Fenton, M. C., Keyes, K. M., Geier, T. J., Greenstein, E., Skodol, A. E., Krueger, B., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2011) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03638.x · Cited by 106
“Borderline personality disorder is also acknowledged for its association with substance use disorders in clinical (25,29) and general population samples (57,75).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPrevalence and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder in the community: a systematic review
Dhawan, N., Kunik, M. E., Oldham, J., & Coverdale, J. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.003 · Cited by 95
“Of note, the Wave 2 methodology found a comparable increased prevalence of borderline personality disorder [71] compared with the other included trials.”
ResultAddiction and the Dark Triad of personality
Jauk, E., & Dieterich, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00662 · Cited by 92
Personality disorders: community prevalence and socio-demographic correlates
Eaton, N. R., & Greene, A. L. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.001 · Cited by 103
Grant, J. E., Mooney, M. E., & Kushner, M. G. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.009 · Cited by 101
Smartphone Use, Addiction, Narcissism, and Personality
Pearson, C., & Hussain, Z. (2015) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2015010102 · Cited by 90
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691609357015 · Cited by 88
Ronningstam, E. F. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0060-y · Cited by 94
Sex Differences in Personality Disorders
Holthausen, B. S., & Habel, U. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0975-y · Cited by 85
Silberschmidt, A. L., Lee, S. S., Zanarini, M. C., & Schulz, S. C. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_175 · Cited by 76
“. indd 7 12/16/2014 12:17:01 PM 1998b) and a trend toward previously established higher rates of narcissistic personality disorder (Banzhaf et al., 2012; Grant et al., 2008; Zanarini et al., 1998b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCarragher, N., Krueger, R. F., Eaton, N. R., Markon, K. E., Keyes, K. M., Blanco, C., Saha, T. D., & Hasin, D. S. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0770-3 · Cited by 77
Self-citationCurrent understanding of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
Yakeley, J. (2018) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2018.20 · Cited by 77
Gibbs, T. A., Okuda, M., Oquendo, M. A., Lawson, W. B., Wang, S., Thomas, Y. F., & Blanco, C. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300891 · Cited by 88
Impact of personality pathology on psychosocial functioning
Skodol, A. E. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.006 · Cited by 82
Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning
Østby, K. A., Czajkowski, N., Knudsen, G. P., Ystrom, E., Gjerde, L. C., Kendler, K. S., Ørstavik, R. E., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0878-0 · Cited by 72
“PDs are highly co-morbid with anxiety and depression [35–38], and these disorders are known to be associated with an increased risk of disability pensioning [3–6].”
Carvalho, L. D. F., Sette, C. P., & Ferrari, B. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-3-5 · Cited by 78
Self- and Informant-Reported Perspectives on Symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cooper, L. D., Balsis, S., & Oltmanns, T. (2012) · Personality disorders · doi:10.1037/a0026576 · Cited by 68
The relation between narcissism and aggression: A meta‐analysis
Du, T. V., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2021) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12684 · Cited by 86
Male professional footballers’ experiences of mental health difficulties and help-seeking
Wood, S., Harrison, L. K., & Kucharska, J. (2017) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2017.1283209 · Cited by 67
The Epidemiology of Antisocial Behavioral Syndromes in Adulthood
Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Smith, S. M. R., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., & Grant, B. F. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15m10358 · Cited by 76
Self-citationMagidson, J. F., Liu, S.-M., Lejuez, C. W., & Blanco, C. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.02.011 · Cited by 62
“…The AUDADIS-IV was used to assess all 10 DSM-IV personality disorders in Clusters A, B, and C using algorithms requiring specific numbers of diagnostic criteria as well as long-term maladaptive patterns of cognition, emotion, and functioning (Grant et al., 2004; 2005; 2008; Stinson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVulnerable narcissism and addiction: The mediating role of shame
Bilevicius, E., Neufeld, D. C., Single, A. N., Foot, M., Ellery, M., Keough, M. T., & Johnson, E. A. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.035 · Cited by 66
PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF ANXIETY DISORDERS IN A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
Skodol, A. E., Geier, T. J., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22287 · Cited by 68
Self-citationJauk, E., & Kaufman, S. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01305 · Cited by 74
Unraveling Exercise Addiction: The Role of Narcissism and Self-Esteem
Bruno, A., Quattrone, D., Scimeca, G., Cicciarelli, C., Romeo, V. M., Pandolfo, G., Zoccali, R. A., & Muscatello, M. R. A. (2014) · Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1155/2014/987841 · Cited by 67
Mentalization-Based Treatment for Pathological Narcissism
Drozek, R. P., & Unruh, B. T. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.177 · Cited by 64
“Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) has a lifetime prevalence of 6.2% (Stinson et al., 2008), and narcissistic traits are associated with a range of debilitating and costly psychosocial challenges, including affective instability (Tritt, Ryder, Ring, & Pincus, 2010), substance abuse (Coleman…”
BackgroundInfluentialPietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.013 · Cited by 72
Self-citationCzarna, A. Z., Zajenkowski, M., Maciantowicz, O., & Szymaniak, K. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00504-6 · Cited by 59
Female Narcissism: Assessment, Aetiology, and Behavioural Manifestations
Green, A., MacLean, R., & Charles, K. E. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941211027322 · Cited by 60
Vater, A., Moritz, S., & Roepke, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188287 · Cited by 64
El-Gabalawy, R. M., Mackenzie, C. S., Pietrzak, R. H., & Sareen, J. (2014) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.012 · Cited by 63
“…avoidant, dependent, and obsessive–compulsive disorders were assessed at Wave 1 (Grant et al., 2004a), antisocial PD was assessed at both waves (Goldstein and Grant, 2009), and schizotypal, narcissistic, and borderline PDs were assessed at Wave 2 (Grant et al., 2008; Stinson et al., 2008).”
Dos and Don'ts in Treatments of Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Weinberg, I., & Ronningstam, E. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.122 · Cited by 51
Guy, N., Newton‐Howes, G., Ford, H., Williman, J. A., & Foulds, J. (2018) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1415 · Cited by 52
The United States and the “Culture of Narcissism”
Campbell, W. K., Miller, J. D., & Buffardi, L. E. (2010) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550610366878 · Cited by 52
The prevalence, age distribution and comorbidity of personality disorders in Australian women
Quirk, S. E., Berk, M., Pasco, J. A., Brennan-Olsen, S. L., Chanen, A. M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Burke, L. M., Jackson, H. J., Hulbert, C. A., Olsson, C. A., et al. (2016) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867416649032 · Cited by 53
“…a prevalence of 21.5% (pooled from two Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(2) cross-sectional Waves) using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disability Schedule-IV (Grant et al., 2004, 2008; Pulay et al., 2009; Stinson et al., 2008), although this was substantially reduced (9.0”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLinks, P. S., & Eynan, R. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185624 · Cited by 51
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Recognition and Treatment
Ronningstam, E., & Weinberg, I. (2013) · Focus · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.11.2.167 · Cited by 50
The Dangers of Generational Myth-Making
Arnett, J. J., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Donnellan, M. B. (2013) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696812466848 · Cited by 51
“Rates of NPD were found to be nearly three times as high among participants in their 20s as compared to those aged 65 and over (Stinson et al., 2008).”
ResultLiving with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study
Day, N. J. S., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00132-8 · Cited by 47
An Empirical Validation of Malicious Insider Characteristics
Liang, N. (., Biros, D. P., & Luse, A. (2016) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2016.1205925 · Cited by 48
Disagreeable narcissism mediates an effect of BAS on addictive behaviors
MacLaren, V. V., & Best, L. A. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.004 · Cited by 51
“NPD is more prevalent among men than women, and men with NPD are at high risk for alcohol and drug depende nce (Stinson et al., 2008 ).”
BackgroundPregnancies, Abortions, and Births among Women with and without Borderline Personality Disorder
Genna, N. M. D., Feske, U., Larkby, C. A., Angiolieri, T., & Gold, M. A. (2012) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2012.05.002 · Cited by 48
Diamond, D., Yeomans, F. E., Stern, B. L., Levy, K. N., Hörz‐Sagstetter, S., Doering, S., Fischer‐Kern, M., Delaney, J. C., & Clarkin, J. F. (2013) · Psychoanalytic Inquiry · doi:10.1080/07351690.2013.815087 · Cited by 50
“In addition, 37% of individuals with NPD were also diagnosed with BPD; 62.9% of those with NPD were diagnosed with any other personality disorder (Stinson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialCarter, R. R., Johnson, S. M., Exline, J. J., Post, S. G., & Pagano, M. E. (2012) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2012.663286 · Cited by 44
“Recently, empirical evidence has emerged to support AA's view ( Pagano, Carter, Johnson, & Exline, 2010 ; Stinson et al, 2008 ).”
Narcissism and stress-reactivity: a biobehavioural health perspective
Coleman, S. R. M., Pincus, A. L., & Smyth, J. M. (2019) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1547118 · Cited by 44
“Although prevalence estimates appear to vary (e.g., ranging from 0.0% to 6.3%; Cain, Pincus, & Ansell, 2008; Mattia & Zimmerman, 2001; Pincus & Lukowitsky, 2010), some evidence suggests narcissism may be prevalent in industrialised nations (e.g., 6.3% of the U.S. population may meet diagnostic criteria for Narcissisti…”
BackgroundInfluentialKealy, D., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Rice, S., & Oliffe, J. L. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.009 · Cited by 45
Social Factors in the Personality Disorders
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542 · Cited by 43
Magidson, J. F., Blashill, A. J., Wall, M. M., Balán, I. C., Wang, S., Lejuez, C. W., & Blanco, C. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.12.009 · Cited by 42
“67) [20,21,23,24].”
Twenge, J. M. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch18 · Cited by 43
Pathological Narcissism: A Study of Burden on Partners and Family
Day, N. J. S., Bourke, M. E., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2019_33_413 · Cited by 40
Suicide and Self-Regulation in Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Ronningstam, E. F., Weinberg, I., Goldblatt, M. J., Schechter, M., & Herbstman, B. (2018) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2018.46.4.491 · Cited by 41
Avi Besser, A., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Pincus, A. L., & Neria, Y. (2013) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.4.381 · Cited by 39
Xu, Y., Olfson, M., Villegas, L., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Liu, S.-M., & Blanco, C. (2013) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.3.223 · Cited by 45
Self-Knowledge and Narcissism in Iranians: Relationships with Empathy and Self-Esteem
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., Hamzavi, F., & Weathington, B. L. (2010) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-010-9079-5 · Cited by 41
“Western studies indicate that narcissistic pathologies tend to be more prevalent in men than in women (Stinson et al. 2008), so, the possibility of sex differences was examined as well.”
BackgroundInfluentialGenetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art
Ma, G., Fan, H., Shen, C., & Wang, W. (2016) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-016-0027-8 · Cited by 47
Berg‐Nielsen, T. S., & Wichstrøm, L. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-19 · Cited by 40
“8% for women [28].”
Yang, H., Lei, X., Zhong, M., Zhou, Q., Ling, Y., Jungkunz, M., & Yi, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00605 · Cited by 30
“Previous studies have shown the prevalence rate of BPD to be between 0.7 and 5.9% in the general population (Coid et al., 2006; Stinson et al., 2008), 15 and 25% in psychiatric inpatients and 10% in psychiatric outpatients (Leichsenring et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialObligation and Entitlement in Society and the Workplace
Brummel, B. J., & Parker, K. N. (2013) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12023 · Cited by 46
Kacel, E. L., Ennis, N., & Pereira, D. B. (2017) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2017.1301875 · Cited by 36
Different coping strategies amongst individuals with grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic traits
Fernie, B. A., Fung, A. O.-L., & Nikčević, A. V. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.009 · Cited by 39
Characterizing Pathological Narcissism in Terms of the HEXACO Model of Personality
Bresin, K., & Gordon, K. H. (2010) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-010-9210-9 · Cited by 40
“Clinical measures of narcissism including self-report inventories (Miller and Campbell 2008) and semi-structured interviews (Miller et al. 2009) have shown FFM profiles similar to vulnerable aspects of narcissism, though meta-analytic studies have found inconsistent support for these results (Samuel and Widiger 2008b;…”
ResultTanzilli, A., & Gualco, I. (2020) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2020.34.supp.42 · Cited by 39
Lentz, V. J., Robinson, J. A., & Bolton, J. M. (2010) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181f9804c · Cited by 39
“(Grant et al., 2004a, 2008a).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe epidemiology of personality disorders in the Sao Paulo Megacity general population
Santana, G. L., Coêlho, B. M., Wang, Y., Filho, A. D. P. C., Viana, M. C., & Andrade, L. H. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195581 · Cited by 39
Diamond, D., Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Meehan, K. B., Cain, N. M., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2014) · Contemporary Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/00107530.2014.880316 · Cited by 32
“As expected, NPD/BPD patients showed significant comorbidity with all cluster B personality disorders including borderline, histrionic and antisocial (trend)– a finding that corresponds to a number of previous investigations (Zimmerman, Rothschild, & Chelminski, 2005; Stinson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Golstein, R. B., Chou, P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., Ruan, W. J., Pulay, A. J., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., & Grant, B. F.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grant, Bridget F.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2008-07-15
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1033-1045
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2669224
- OpenAlex
- W4233879649
- Semantic Scholar
- 799d3729818a4076ab108aef29b5d66945ddfd6e
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 15.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99‐AA999999)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000449)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- narcissistic personality disorder, prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, disability, comorbidities, sex differences, substance use disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, dysthymia, NESARC
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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