Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Primary Care Patients
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depressive disorders have a significant and negative impact on quality of life. However, less is known about the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional and physical functioning, the effects of anxiety symptoms on functioning independent of depressive symptoms, and the effects of depressive symptoms on functioning independent of anxiety symptoms. METHOD: Participants included 919 patients, recruited from 2 university-affiliated primary care clinics between May 2004 and September 2006, who completed self-report measures of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. RESULTS: Almost 40% of the sample reported anxiety symptoms and 30% reported depressive symptoms. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with all domains of quality of life. When anxiety and depressive symptoms were added simultaneously, both remained significant. As the severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms increased, quality of life decreased. Furthermore, patients with moderate to severe anxiety or depressive symptoms had greater impairments in most quality of life domains than patients with acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or diabetes. CONCLUSION: Detection and treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the primary care setting should be emphasized.
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Delaying treatment can lead to negative consequences for those with anxiety and depression.
“Delaying treatment can lead to negative consequences for those with anxiety and depression (Brenes, 2007; Hawton and van Heeringen, 2009).”
From Translating the Intention to Seek Treatment into Action: Does Symptom Monitoring Make a Difference? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Brenes, 2007
The Discussion (page unavailable) links anxiety and depressive symptoms to impaired functioning and calls for better assessment and treatment. It does not show that delaying treatment causes negative consequences; the authors explicitly say their cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Brenes, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brenes, Gretchen A.
- ORCID
- Brenes, Gretchen A.
- Venue
- The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2007-12-14
- Volume
- 09
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 437-443
- ISSN
- 1523-5998 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2139931
- OpenAlex
- W2076461598
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH065281)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Keywords
- anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, quality of life, primary care patients, emotional functioning, physical function, comorbidities, symptom severity, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, mental health screening
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