Capturing the severity and impairment associated with depression: the overall depression severity and impairment scale (ODSIS) validation in a Spanish clinical sample
Open accessAbstract
Background: The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) is a self-report scale designed to evaluate the severity and functional impairment associated with depression. Objective: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the online version of the ODSIS in Spanish outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders. Method: Patients with a main diagnosis of a depressive (n = 283) or anxiety disorder (n = 191) and a mean age of 38.15 (SD = 12.06) were evaluated with a clinical diagnostic interview and measures assessing depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and quality of life. Factorial structure, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity and cutoff scores were analyzed. Results: Consistent with previous validations of the instrument, Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a unidimensional factor structure. Furthermore, the results obtained supported the internal consistency and construct validity of the ODSIS scores. A score of 5 was found to meet the criteria used in this study for the optimal cutoff score. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study show that the Spanish version of the ODSIS delivered online is an adequate tool to assess the depression-related severity and impairment in a brief and easy fashion.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The OASIS and ODSIS show good-excellent internal consistency (α = 0.86; 0.93, respectively) and validity.
“Both show good-excellent internal consistency (α = 0.86; 0.93, respectively) and validity.”
From Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a blended transdiagnostic group CBT for the treatment of emotional disorders (2025) · cites this paper as Mira et al., 2019
The ODSIS has good internal consistency (α = 0.93).
“The psychometric properties are good in terms of internal consistency (α = 0.93).”
From Spanish Adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Participants With Cancer: Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910 · see citing works
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988 · see citing works
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Wen, Z. (2004) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2 · Cited by 6,691 · see citing works
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/0144665031752934 · Cited by 2,957 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. (2012) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1359 · Cited by 2,947 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Additionally, statistically significant differences in the ODSIS scores were found as a function of education level [F(2, 471) = 5.”
BackgroundInfluentialGlobal burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic analysis
Gore, F. M., Bloem, P. J., Patton, G. C., Ferguson, J., Joseph, V., Coffey, C., Sawyer, S. M., & Mathers, C. D. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60512-6 · Cited by 2,301 · see citing works
Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000
Üstün, T. B., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Chatterji, S., Mathers, C., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.5.386 · Cited by 1,735 · see citing works
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585 · Cited by 1,562 · see citing works
Modulation of Genetic Associations with Serum Urate Levels by Body-Mass-Index in Humans
Huffman, J. E., Albrecht, E., Teumer, A., Mangino, M., Kapur, K., Johnson, T., Kutalik, Z., Pirastu, N., Pistis, G., Lopez, L. M., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119752 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Defining an Optimal Cut-Point Value in ROC Analysis: An Alternative Approach
Unal, I. (2017) · Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine · doi:10.1155/2017/3762651 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
Toward an Integration of Subjective Well-Being and Psychopathology
Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (2001) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1007219227883 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Development and validation of an Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS)
Norman, S. B., Hami Cissell, S., Means-Christensen, A. J., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20182 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
(1999) · Psicothema · Cited by 507 · see citing works
DeVellis, R. F. (2006) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000245426.10853.30 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Principles and procedures of exploratory data analysis.
Behrens, J. T. (1997) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.2.131 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Karyotaki, E., Kleiboer, A., Smit, F., Turner, D. T., Pastor, A. M., Andersson, G., Berger, T., Botella, C., Breton, J. M., Carlbring, P., et al. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715000665 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Self-citationCampbell-Sills, L., Norman, S. B., Craske, M. G., Sullivan, G., Lang, A. J., Chavira, D. A., Bystritsky, A., Sherbourne, C., Roy-Byrne, P., & Stein, M. B. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.014 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Development and validation of the overall depression severity and impairment scale
Bentley, K. H., Gallagher, M. W., Carl, J. R., & Barlow, D. H. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0036216 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Josephine, K., Josefine, L., Philipp, D., David, E., & Harald, B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.021 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y factores asociados: resultados del estudio ESEMeD-España
Haro, J. M., Palacín, C., Vilagut, G., Martínez, M., Bernal, M., Luque, I., Codony, M., Dolz, M., & Alonso, J. (2006) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1157/13086324 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Further evidence for the validity of the beck anxiety inventory with psychiatric outpatients
Steer, R. A., Ranieri, W. F., Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1993) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(93)90002-3 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Should depression be managed as a chronic disease?
Andrews, G. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7283.419 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Primary Care Patients
Brenes, G. A. (2007) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/pcc.v09n0606 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
An investigation of the relationship between positive affect regulation and depression
Werner-Seidler, A., Banks, R., Dunn, B. D., & Moulds, M. L. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.001 · Cited by 241 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, given that the PANAS and the BDI-II assess different but related constructs (44), a positive but medium correlation between the ODSIS and the PANAS-N, and a negative but medium correlation between the ODSIS and the PANAS-P were expected.”
BackgroundROAMER: roadmap for mental health research in Europe
Haro, J. M., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., Bitter, I., Demotes‐Mainard, J., Leboyer, M., Lewis, S. W., Linszen, D., Maj, M., Mcdaid, D., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1406 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The Spanish Version of the Quality of Life Index: Presentation and Validation
MEZZICH, J. E., RUIPÉREZ, M. A., PÉREZ, C., YOON, G., LIU, J., & MAHMUD, S. (2000) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200005000-00008 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Magán, I., Sanz, J., & García-Vera, M. P. (2008) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600004637 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Norman, S. B., Campbell-Sills, L., Hitchcock, C. A., Sullivan, S., Rochlin, A., Wilkins, K. C., & Stein, M. B. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.06.011 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
van Ballegooijen, W., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., van Oppen, P., & Smit, J. H. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0735-7 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interformat Reliability of Digital Psychiatric Self-Report Questionnaires: A Systematic Review
Alfonsson, S., Maathz, P., & Hursti, T. J. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3395 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The multicultural quality of life index: presentation and validation
Mezzich, J. E., Cohen, N. L., Ruiperez, M. A., Banzato, C. E. M., & Zapata‐Vega, M. I. (2011) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01609.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Ito, M., Bentley, K. H., Oe, Y., Nakajima, S., Fujisato, H., Kato, N., Miyamae, M., Kanie, A., Horikoshi, M., & Barlow, D. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122969 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Prevalencia de síntomas emocionales y comportamentales en adolescentes españoles
Sierra, J. O., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., & Solana, R. A. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2013.12.003 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
González-Robles, A., Mira, A., Miguel, C., Molinari, G., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Bretón-López, J. M., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206516 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSierra, J. O., Solana, R. A., Inchausti, F., de Luis, E. C., Lucas‐Molina, B., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., & Fonseca‐Pedrero, E. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170950 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Prevalence of emotional and behavioral symptomatology in Spanish adolescents
Sierra, J. O., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., & Solana, R. A. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2014.06.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
(2012) · Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers · Cited by 17 · see citing works
LA DEPRESIÓN EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA: PREVALENCIA, DIAGNÓSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO
Cano Vindel, A., Salguero, J. M., Mae Wood, C., et al. (2012) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [20]American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) (Fifth Edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association (2013).
- [40]Yu CY Evaluating Cutoff Criteria of Model fit Indices for Latent Variable Models with Binary and Continuous Outcomes (Vol. 30). Los Angeles, CA: University of California (2002).
- [42]Argimon JM Jiménez J Métodos de Investigaciónclí nica y Epidemiológica. 4th ed. Barcelona: Elsevier España (2013).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sandora, J., Novák, L., Brnka, R., van Dijk, J. P., Tavel, P., & Maliňáková, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910337 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Quiñonez-Freire, C., Vara, M. D., Tomás, J. M., & Baños, R. M. (2022) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.14349/rlp.2021.v53.23 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationOsma, J., Loredo, V. M., Díaz‐García, A., Quilez-Orden, A. B., & Péris-Baquero, Ó. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010345 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMeine, L. E., Müller-Bardorff, M., Recher, D., Paersch, C., Schulz, A., Spiller, T. R., Galatzer‐Levy, I. R., Kowatsch, T., Fisher, A. J., & Kleim, B. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102914 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Diaz-Sanahuja, L., Campos, D., Mira, A., Castilla, D., García-Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100466 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationTur, C., Campos, D., Herrero, R., Mor, S., López-Montoyo, A., Castilla, D., & Quero, S. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046477 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationGual-Montolio, P., Suso-Ribera, C., García-Palacios, A., Castilla, D., Zaragozá, I., & Bretón-López, J. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100601 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationGómez-Cambronero, Á., Casteleyn, S., Bretón-López, J., García-Palacios, A., & Mira, A. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100624 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationRogers, A. H., Heggeness, L. F., Smit, T., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00416-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Quiñonez-Freire, C., Vara, M. D., Herrero, R., Mira, A., García‐Palacios, A., Botella, C., & Baños, R. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100352 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationBlended transdiagnostic group CBT for emotional disorders: A feasibility trial protocol
Díaz‐García, A., González‐Robles, A., García‐Palacios, A., Fernández‐Felipe, I., Tur, C., Castilla, D., & Botella, C. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100363 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationZvolensky, M. J., Shepherd, J. M., Clausen, B. K., de Dios, M. A., Cano, M. Á., & Redmond, B. Y. (2023) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2023.2293945 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Marco, J. H., Llombart, P., Guillén, V., Baños, R. M., Romero, R., Garcia-Conde, A., & Pérez Rodríguez, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892573 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale [ODSIS (38, 39)].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRojas, R. L., Cremades, C. F., Celleri, M., & Garay, C. J. (2023) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.10451 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Madsen, C. D., Reinholt, N., Arendt, M. C. B. B., Eskildsen, A., Christensen, A. B., Hvenegaard, M., Poulsen, S., & Arnfred, S. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.3049 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Suso‐Ribera, C., Lucas, I., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Tur, C., Gual-Montolio, P., Paredes-Mealla, M., García‐Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-024-10318-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationMaçãs-Carvalho, I., Brazão, N., Pereira, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Rijo, D. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70196 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jiménez-Orenga, N., Díaz-García, A., Lorente-Català, R., González-Robles, A., Paredes-Mealla, M., García-Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100823 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationPotentially traumatic pandemic stressors and anxiety‐related sleep disturbance among Latinx persons
Buitron, V., Mayorga, N. A., Vujanovic, A. A., Schmidt, N. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22976 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Validation of the Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) in the Czech Republic
Mikoška, P., Novák, L., Bok, T., Ladmanová, M., Fülep, M., Kořínek, R., & Pilárik, Ľ. (2024) · Ceskoslovenska psychologie · doi:10.51561/cspsych.68.2.135 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jiménez-Orenga, N., Díaz‐García, A., García‐Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100761 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationGryesten, J. R., Poulsen, S., & Arnfred, S. (2022) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069221084786 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Apuntes sobre el Protocolo Unificado Transdiagnóstico
Arrigoni, F. S., Consejero, E. M., & Guzmán, J. I. N. (2023) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.19.1.36971 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A blended intervention for adjustment disorder: Study protocol for a feasibility trial
Fernández-Buendía, S., Cuijpers, P. J., Grimaldos, J., Díaz‐García, A., Palau-Batet, M., & Quero, S. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100715 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMeaning-Based Psychotherapy for Participants with Depression: A Feasibility Pilot Study
Marco, J. H., de Tejada, G.-H., González, A., Pérez, S., & Guillén, V. (2024) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2024.2446773 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dunn, I. B. J. M. D., Power, E., Casey, L. J., & Wootton, B. M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316857 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mahadevaswamy, M., Nathawat, S., Sengupta, A., Sharma, V., Javed, N., & Fido, D. (2026) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/10401237261469105 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arrigoni, F. S., Consejero, E. M., & Guzmán, J. I. N. (2021) · Revista Costarricense de Psicología · doi:10.22544/rcps.v40i02.05 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tur, C., & Tur Domenech, C. (2023) · doi:10.6035/14109.2023.433029
Halliday, E. R., Milgram, L., Freitag, G. F., Ehrenreich, J. T., & Comer, J. S. (2025) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-025-10193-0
Tur, C., Campos, D., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Fernández-Buendía, S., Grimaldos, J., la Coba-Cañizares, L. D., Kazlauskas, E., & Quero, S. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15101312
Self-citationSantamaria-Rincon, M., Miragall, M., Sarrión-Castelló, P., Martínez‐Gregorio, S., Desdentado, L., & Baños, R. (2026) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2026.2688993
Self-citationElia, F. L., García‐Palacios, A., Botella, C., Penedo, J. M. G., Holtforth, M. G., Berger, T., & Fernández‐Álvarez, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1918892
Self-citationAlonso-Olea, I., Gual-Montolio, P., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Niño-Ruiz, L., Mira, A., Casteleyn, S., Granell, C., García‐Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-117124
Self-citationSantamaria-Rincon, M., Miragall, M., Desdentado, L., Sarrión-Castelló, P., & Baños, R. (2026) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-026-01117-0
Self-citation
- Authors
- Mira, A., González-Robles, A., Molinari, G., Miguel, C., Díaz-García, A., Bretón-López, J., García-Palacios, A., Quero, S., Baños, R., & Botella, C.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Jaume I (ES)
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Mira, Adriana
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-04-09
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 180-180
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6465570
- OpenAlex
- W2937349003
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repositori UJI (Universitat Jaume I) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- depression severity, functional disability, psychometric validation, Spanish translation, anxiety disorders, outpatients, cut-off values, factor structure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review