Traumatic brain injury: Does gender influence outcomes?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. Both genders are affected, but little is known about female TBI. The present study exclusively explores epidemiological, clinical, imaging, and death aspects of female TBI, and how it differs from males. METHODS: It is a retrospective study. Data were documented from a tertiary institute during January 2010 to March 2010. All variables were documented on standard proforma. The data were analyzed using R statistics software. Age group was categorized into pediatric (<18 years), middle (19-60 years) and elderly (>61 years). Significance was tested using Chi-square test at the significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Data of 1627 TBI patients were recorded. Of the total, female TBIs contributed nearly 20%. Compared to males, female patients reported higher percentages in manifesting symptoms (84.3% vs. 82.6%), injuries due to fall (32.1% vs. 24.4%), and surgical interventions (11.6% vs. 10.4%). Female patients were significantly higher in mild head injury group (76.8% vs. 69.5%, P - 0.016) and mortality (3.4% vs. 1.6%, P - 0.048). Number of patients and deaths was more among females than males in pediatric and elderly age group. Severities of injuries were more among female patients than male patients in middle and elder age groups. CONCLUSION: The study results observe that female TBI group differ significantly in the severity of injury and mortality.
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Following mTBI, women tend to experience more symptoms and take significantly longer to recover compared to men.
“Following mTBI, women tend to experience more symptoms and take significantly longer to recover compared to men for reasons currently unknown [28, 51, 67, 114].”
From DNA repair deficiency and senescence in concussed professional athletes involved in contact sports (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Munivenkatappa, A., Agrawal, A., Shukla, D., Kumaraswamy, D., & Devi, B.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Epidemiology (IN)
- Narayan Medical College and Hospital (IN)
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Munivenkatappa, Ashok
- Venue
- International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 70
- ISSN
- 2229-5151 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4901830
- OpenAlex
- W2397847020
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, sex differences, female patients, injury severity, mortality, fall-related injuries, mild traumatic brain injury, pediatric patients, elderly patients, clinical outcomes
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