Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Pre- and Post- Menopausal Females Versus Age-Matched Males

Davis, Daniel P.; Douglas, Danielle J.; Smith, Wendy; Sise, Michael J.; Vilke, Gary M.; Holbrook, Troy L.; Kennedy, Frank; Eastman, A. Brent; Velky, Thomas; Hoyt, David B.

doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.140

Cited by 132Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchTrauma and Emergency Care Studies

Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Pre- and Post- Menopausal Females Versus Age-Matched Males

Davis, Daniel P., Douglas, Danielle J., Smith, Wendy, Sise, Michael J., Vilke, Gary M., Holbrook, Troy L., Kennedy, Frank, Eastman, A. Brent +2 more·2006·Journal of Neurotrauma

DOI 10.1089/neu.2006.23.140

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Gender differences in outcomes from major trauma have been described previously, and exogenous female hormone administration appears to be neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This analysis explored outcomes in pre- and post-menopausal females versus age-matched males. A total of 13,437 patients (n = 3,178 females, n = 10,259 males) with moderate-to-severe TBI (head AIS > or = 3) were identified from our county trauma registry. Overall mortality was similar between males and females (22% for both). Logistic regression was used to compare gender outcome differences, with a separate analysis performed for premenopausal (< 50 years) versus postmenopausal (> or = 50 years) patients, and after stratification by decade of life. No statistically significant difference in outcomes was observed for pre-menopausal females versus males (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83, 1.35; p = 0.633), but outcomes were significantly better in postmenopausal females versus males (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.81, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hypotension (SBP < or = 90 mm Hg), head Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Stratification by decade of life revealed the gender survival differential inflection point to occur between ages 40-49 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.66-1.71, p = 0.798) and ages 50-59 (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.74, p = 0.005). In addition, Revised Trauma Score and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) was used to calculate probability of survival (PS); all patients were then stratified by decade of life, and males and females were compared with regard to mean survival differential (outcome - PS). The identical pattern of improved outcomes in post-menopausal but not pre-menopausal females versus age-matched males was observed. These data suggest that endogenous female sex hormone production is not neuroprotective.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1089/neu.2006.23.140

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Another large, multi-center study found lower mortality in women than men above 50 years of age.
“Another large, multi-center study found lower mortality in women than men above 50 years of age. 72”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [72]

Evaluating trauma care: the TRISS method. Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score.
Boyd, C. R., Tolson, M. A., & Copes, W. S. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 1,954 · see citing works
Evaluating Trauma Care
BOYD, C. R., Tolson, M. A., & Copes, W. S. (1987) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-198704000-00005 · Cited by 1,843 · see citing works
Estrogens Attenuate and Corticosterone Exacerbates Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Injury, and Amyloid β‐Peptide Toxicity in Hippocampal Neurons
Goodman, Y., Bruce‐Keller, A. J., Cheng, B., & Mattson, M. P. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66051836.x · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Future Implications
Thompson, H. J., McCormick, W. C., & Kagan, S. H. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00894.x · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Brain
Kimura, D. (1992) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0992-118 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Acute CNS Trauma and Stroke: Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone
Roof, R. L., & Hall, E. D. (2000) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2000.17.367 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Neuroprotective effects of estrogens: potential mechanisms of action
Green, P. S., & Simpkins, J. W. (2000) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0736-5748(00)00017-4 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Do women fare worse: a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome
Farace, E., & Alves, W. M. (2000) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2000.93.4.0539 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Anterior Pituitary Dysfunction in Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury
Agha, A., Rogers, B., Sherlock, M., O’Kelly, P., Tormey, W., Phillips, J., & Thompson, C. J. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0511 · Cited by 390 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…hormonal cycles and produces an estrogen or progesterone withdrawal syndrome in pre-but not post-menopausal females (Fleischer et al., 1978; Kosteljanetz et al., 1981; Woolf et al., 1986; Spratt et al., 1992; Murphy et al., 2000; Agha et al., 2004; Dimopoulou et al., 2004; Land-gren et al., 2004).”
Innate Gender-based Proclivity in Response to Cytotoxicity and Programmed Cell Death Pathway
Du, L., Bayır, H., Lai, Y., Zhang, X., Kochanek, P. M., Watkins, S. C., Graham, S. H., & Clark, R. S. B. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m405461200 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Progesterone and allopregnanolone reduce inflammatory cytokines after traumatic brain injury
HE, J., EVANS, C., Hoffman, S. D., Oyesiku, N. M., & Stein, D. G. (2004) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.06.008 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Progesterone protects against lipid peroxidation following traumatic brain injury in rats
Roof, R. L., Hoffman, S. W., & Stein, D. G. (1997) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815156 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function
Kimura, D. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80081-x · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Postconcussional Disorder Following Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support as Risk Factors and Comorbidities
McCauley, S. R., Boake, C., Levin, H. S., Contant, C. F., & Song, J. (2001) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.23.6.792.1016 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Allopregnanolone and progesterone decrease cell death and cognitive deficits after a contusion of the rat pre-frontal cortex
Djebaı̈li, M., Hoffman, S. W., & Stein, D. G. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.09.023 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Progesterone Rapidly Decreases Brain Edema: Treatment Delayed up to 24 Hours Is Still Effective
Roof, R. L., Duvdevani, R., Heyburn, J. W., & Stein, D. G. (1996) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0063 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Sex differences in cerebral organization for speech and praxic functions.
Kimura, D. (1983) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0080696 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
The Postconcussion Syndrome and the Sequelae of Mild Head Injury
Evans, R. W. (1992) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30182-8 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Estrogen-Related Gender Difference in Survival Rate and Cortical Blood Flow After Impact-Acceleration Head Injury in Rats
Roof, R. L., & Hall, E. D. (2000) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2000.17.1155 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Altered osmotic thresholds for vasopressin secretion and thirst in human pregnancy
Davison, J. M., Gilmore, E. A., Durr, J., Robertson, G. L., & Lindheimer, M. D. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1984.246.1.f105 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Female TBI patients recover better than males
Groswasser, Z., Cohen, M., & Keren, O. (1998) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990598122197 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Aromatase Cytochrome P450 and Extragonadal Estrogen Play a Role in Ischemic Neuroprotection
McCullough, L. D., Blizzard, K. K., Simpson, E. R., Öz, O. K., & Hurn, P. D. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-25-08701.2003 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Neuropathological Protection after Traumatic Brain Injury in Intact Female Rats Versus Males or Ovariectomized Females
Bramlett, H. M., & Dietrich, W. D. (2001) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771501750451811 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Cytokines Act within the Brain to Inhibit Luteinizing Hormone Secretion and Ovulation in the Rat*
RIVIER, C. L., & Vale, W. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-127-2-849 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The Impact of Major Trauma: Quality-of-Life Outcomes Are Worse in Women than in Men, Independent of Mechanism and Injury Severity
Holbrook, T. L., & Hoyt, D. B. (2004) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000109758.75406.f8 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citation
Marked Gender Effect on Lipid Peroxidation after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Patients
Bayir, H., Marion, D. W., Puccio, A. M., Wisniewski, S. R., Janesko, K. L., Clark, R. S. B., & Kochanek, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771504772695896 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Brain Organization for Verbal and Non-Verbal Functions
Kimura, D., & Harshman, R. A. (1984) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64452-0 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Progesterone Protects against Necrotic Damage and Behavioral Abnormalities Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury
Shear, D. A., Galani, R., Hoffman, S. W., & Stein, D. G. (2002) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.2002.8020 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Estrogen Replacement Therapy May Protect against Intellectual Decline in Postmenopausal Women
Kimura, D. (1995) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1995.1022 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Menopause Transition: Annual Changes in Serum Hormonal Patterns over the Menstrual Cycle in Women during a Nine-Year Period Prior to Menopause
Landgren, B.-M., Collins, A., Csemiczky, G., Burger, H., Baksheev, L., & Robertson, D. M. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030824 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at Three Months After Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Levin, H. S., Brown, S. A., Song, J., McCauley, S. R., Boake, C., Contant, C. F., Goodman, H. S., & Kotrla, K. J. (2001) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.23.6.754.1021 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Estrogen improves biochemical and neurologic outcome following traumatic brain injury in male rats, but not in females
Emerson, C. S., Headrick, J. P., & Vink, R. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90778-l · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Relationships between Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Excitotoxicity, Ischemia, and Oxidative Damage after Severe TBI: The Impact of Gender, Age, and Hypothermia
Wagner, A. K., Bayır, H., Ren, D., Puccio, A. M., ZAFONTE, R. D., & Kochanek, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771504322778596 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, enhances behavioral recovery and decreases neuronal loss after traumatic brain injury
He, J., Hoffman, S. W., & Stein, D. G. (2004) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2004-00243 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Evaluation of estrous cycle stage and gender on behavioral outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury
Wagner, A. K., Willard, L. A., Kline, A. E., Wenger, M. K., Bolinger, B. D., Ren, D., Zafonte, R. D., & Dixon, C. E. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.027 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Estrogen Hormones Reduce Lipid Peroxidation in Cells and Tissues of the Central Nervous System
Vedder, H., Anthes, N., Stumm, G., Würz, C., Behl, C., & Krieg, J. C. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722531.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Effects of gonadectomy and sex hormone therapy on the endotoxin-stimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: evidence for a neuroendocrine-immunological sexual dimorphism.
Spinedi, E., Suescun, M. O., Hadid, R., Daneva, T., & Gaillard, R. C. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.131.5.2430 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Estrogen influences osmotic secretion of AVP and body water balance in postmenopausal women
Stachenfeld, N. S., Dipietro, L., Palter, S. F., & Nadel, E. R. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.r187 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Both hyper- and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occur transiently in acute illness: bio- and immunoactive gonadotropins.
Spratt, D. I., Bigos, S. T., Beitins, I., Cox, P., Longcope, C., & Orav, J. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.75.6.1464665 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Influences of gender, gonadectomy 5 and estrous cycle on GABA/BZ receptors and benzodiazepine responses in rats
Wilson, M. A. (1992) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(92)90022-p · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism and developmental regulation of substantia nigra function
Velı́šková, J., & Moshé, S. L. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1248 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Cytoskeletal protein degradation and neurodegeneration evolves differently in males and females following experimental head injury
Kupina, N. C., Detloff, M. R., Bobrowski, W. F., Snyder, B. J., & Hall, E. D. (2003) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0014-4886(02)00048-1 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A Statewide Population-Based Study of Gender Differences in Trauma: Validation of a Prior Single-Institution Study1
Gannon, C. J., Napolitano, L. M., Pasquale, M. D., Tracy, K. J., & McCarter, R. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(02)01187-0 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cytokines and the hypothalamic—pituitary—ovarian—endometrial axis
TABIBZADEH, S. S. (1994) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138621 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Progesterone Administration During Reperfusion, But Not Preischemia Alone, Reduces Injury in Ovariectomized Rats
Murphy, S. J., Littleton‐Kearney, M. T., & Hurn, P. D. (2002) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000037990.07114.07 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Progesterone Exacerbates Striatal Stroke Injury in Progesterone-Deficient Female Animals
Murphy, S. J., Traystman, R. J., & Hurn, P. D. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.5.1173 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Chemical Heterogeneity of the Living Human Brain: A Proton MR Spectroscopy Study on the Effects of Sex, Age, and Brain Region
Grachev, I. D., & Apkarian, A. V. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0557 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Does Sexual Dimorphism Influence Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients? The Answer Is No!
Coimbra, R. S. M., Hoyt, D. B., Potenza, B. M., Fortlage, D. A., & Hollingsworth-Fridlund, P. (2003) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000058314.31655.5f · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Endocrine abnormalities in critical care patients with moderate-to-severe head trauma: incidence, pattern and predisposing factors
Dimopoulou, I., Tsagarakis, S., Θεοδωρακοπούλου, Μ., Douka, E., Zervou, M., Kouyialis, A. T., Thalassinos, N., & Roussos, C. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-004-2257-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Gender and age effects on outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury*
Morrison, W. E., Arbelaez, J. J., Fackler, J. C., Maio, A. D., & Paidas, C. N. (2004) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.pcc.0000112373.71645.2a · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Depression amongst outpatients with traumatic brain injury
Glenn, M. B., O’Neil-Pirozzi, T. M., Goldstein, R. C., Burke, D. T., & Jacob, L. (2001) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050010025777 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Effect of ovarian sex steroids on osmoregulation and vasopressin secretion in the rat
Barron, W. M., Schreiber, J., & Lindheimer, M. D. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.4.e352 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Subtle Symptoms Associated with Self-Reported Mild Head Injury
Segalowitz, S. J., & Lawson, S. (1995) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949502800507 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Employment After Traumatic Brain Injury: Differences Between Men and Women
Corrigan, J. D., Lineberry, L. A., Komaroff, E., Langlois, J. A., Selassie, A. W., & Wood, K. D. (2007) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.006 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Deleterious effect of β-estradiol in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia
Harukuni, I., Hurn, P. D., & Crain, B. J. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02278-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The In Vitro Role of Tumour Necrosis Factor‐Alpha and Interleukin‐6 in the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Gonadal Axis
Russell, S. H., Small, C. J., Stanley, S., Franks, S., Ghatei, M. A., & Bloom, S. R. (2001) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00632.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Role of gender in outcome after traumatic brain injury and therapeutic effect of erythropoietin in mice.
Xiong, Y., Mahmood, A., Lu, D., Qu, C., Goussev, A. V., Schallert, T., & Chopp, M. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.052 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Estradiol Exacerbates Hippocampal Damage in a Model of Preterm Infant Brain Injury
Nuñez, J. L., & McCarthy, M. M. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-220840 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Influence of gender and brain region on neurosteroid modulation of GABA responses in rats
Wilson, M. A., & Biscardi, R. (1997) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00110-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Agitation After Traumatic Brain Injury
Kadyan, V., Mysiw, W. J., Bogner, J. A., Corrigan, J. D., Fugate, L. P., & Clinchot, D. M. (2004) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000140790.30468.f4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
TRANSIENT HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM AFTER HEAD TRAUMA: EFFECTS ON STEROID PRECURSORS AND CORRELATION WITH SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY
Woolf, P. D., Hamill, R. W., McDonald, J. V., Lee, L. A., & Kelly, M. M. (1986) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb01691.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sex differences in densities of dopaminergic fibers and GABAergic neurons in the prenatal rat striatum
Ovtscharoff, W. A., Eusterschulte, B., Zienecker, R., Reisert, I., & Pilgrim, C. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903230212 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hypothalamic hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in prolonged traumatic coma
Fleischer, A. S., Rudman, D. R., Payne, N. S., & Tindall, G. T. (1978) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1978.49.5.0650 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Effects of Early Post-Traumatic Hyperthermia in Female and Ovariectomized Rats
Suzuki, T., Bramlett, H. M., Ruenes, G., & Dietrich, W. D. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/0897715041526186 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Women's Advantage on Verbal Memory is Not Restricted to Concrete Words
Kimura, D., & Clarke, P. G. (2002) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3f.1137 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Clinical Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Closed Head Injury in Children
Gerring, J. P., Slomine, B. S., Vasa, R. A., Grados, M. A., Chen, A., Rising, W., Christensen, J. R., DENCKLA, M. B., & Monique Ernst, D. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200202000-00009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Predictors of Neuropsychological Test Performance After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Donders, J., & Nesbit-Greene, K. (2004) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191104268914 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sexual and hypothalamic dysfunction in the postconcussional syndrome
Kosteljanetz, M., Jensen, T. S., Nørgård, B., Lunde, I., Jensen, P. B., & Johnsen, S. G. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb00769.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Immunoprotection in proestrus females following trauma-hemorrhage: the pivotal role of estrogen receptors
Knöferl, M. W., Angele, M. K., Schwacha, M. G., Samy, T. S. A., Bland, K. I., & Chaudry, I. H. (2003) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0008-8749(03)00081-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lessons from epidemiologic studies in clinical trials of traumatic brain injury
Farin, A., & Marshall, L. F. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0603-7_14 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Recall of Real or Nonsense Words
Kimura, D., & Seal, B. N. (2003) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.263 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Adaptive Interactions between Cytokines and the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal Axis
Cannon, J. G. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08330.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Influence of Gender and Gonadectomy on Bicuculline-Induced Convulsions and on GABAA Receptors
Bujas, M., Peričić, D., & Jazvinšćak, M. (1997) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00027-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Estrogens Modulate the Inhibitory Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Anterior Pituitary Cell Proliferation and Prolactin Release
Theas, M. S., Pisera, D. A., Duvilanski, B. H., et al. (2000) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:12:3:249 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Progesterone administration fails to protect albino male rats against photostress-induced retinal degeneration.
Kldi, I., & Berta, A. (2004) · PubMed · doi:10.5301/ejo.2008.1363 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Influence of the estrus cycle on the discrimination of apparent neuroactive steroid site subtypes on the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor complex in the rat.
McCauley, L. D., & Gee, K. W. (1995) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)12199-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Progesterone Administration Fails to Protect Albino Male Rats against Photostress-Induced Retinal Degeneration
Káldi, I., & Berta, A. (2004) · European Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1177/112067210401400405 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
SEX DIFFERENCES IN RECALL OF REAL OR NONSENSE WORDS
Kimura, D. (2003) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.93.5.263-264 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
WOMEN'S ADVANTAGE ON VERBAL MEMORY IS NOT RESTRICTED TO CONCRETE WORDS
Kimura, D. (2002) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.91.8.1137-1142 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Are men's and women's brains different?
Jones, F. S. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Opposite gender-specific increases in peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) expression in rat brain after single administration of the GABA antagonists heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide.
Garcia, E. F., Baliwas, B. J., Tran, T. T. T., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know
Gupte, R. P., Brooks, W. M., Vukas, R. R., Pierce, J. D., & Harris, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6171 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
The Effect of Gender on Patients With Moderate to Severe Head Injuries
Berry, C., Ley, E. J., Tillou, A., Cryer, G., Margulies, D. R., & Salim, A. (2009) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181ba3354 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Sex-related responses after traumatic brain injury: Considerations for preclinical modeling
Späni, C. B., Braun, D. J., & Van Eldik, L. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.006 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Traumatic brain injury: Does gender influence outcomes?
Munivenkatappa, A., Agrawal, A., Shukla, D., Kumaraswamy, D., & Devi, B. (2016) · International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science · doi:10.4103/2229-5151.183024 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Severe traumatic brain injury: is there a gender difference in mortality?
Ottochian, M., Salim, A., Berry, C., Chan, L. S., Wilson, M. T., & Margulies, D. R. (2009) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.09.008 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Outcomes and recurrence rates in chronic subdural haematoma
Amirjamshidi, A., Abouzari, M., Eftekhar, B., et al. (2007) · British Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.1080/02688690701272232 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Glasgow Coma Scale on admission is correlated with postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale in chronic subdural hematoma
Amirjamshidi, A., Abouzari, M., & Rashidi, A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2006.03.030 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predictive values of age and the Glasgow Coma Scale in traumatic brain injury patients treated with decompressive craniectomy
Potts, M. B., Chi, J. H., Meeker, M., et al. (2008) · Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-85578-2_22 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Scenario of Head Injury Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Paudel, S. S., Luitel, R., Bista, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Nepal Health Research Council · doi:10.33314/jnhrc.v18i1.2276 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Correlation of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure and Glasgow Coma Scale to Outcome
Changaris, D. G., McGraw, C. P., Richardson, J. D., et al. (1987) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-198709000-00009 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Authors: Davis, D. P., Douglas, D. J., Smith, W., Sise, M. J., Vilke, G. M., Holbrook, T. L., Kennedy, F., Eastman, A. B., Velky, T., & Hoyt, D. B.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Scripps Mercy Hospital (US)
Sharp Memorial Hospital (US)
Scripps Memorial Hospital (US)
Palomar Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Davis, Daniel P.
Smith, Wendy
Sise, Michael J.
Vilke, Gary M.
Eastman, A. Brent
Venue: Journal of Neurotrauma
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2006-02
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Pages: 140-148
ISSN: 0897-7151 (ISSN-L)
1557-9042
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2006.23.140
OpenAlex: W2016262610
Cited by: 132
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 4.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Neurotrauma (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
Keywords: traumatic brain injury, sex differences, menopause, postmenopausal women, premenopausal women, female sex hormones, neuroprotection, survival outcomes, mortality, age-stratified analysis, TRISS, injury severity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Brain Injuries, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Trauma Severity Indices, Survival Rate, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Premenopause, Postmenopause

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Pre- and Post- Menopausal Females Versus Age-Matched Males

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks