Web-based interventions for caregivers of cancer patients: A review of literatures
Open accessAbstract
Diagnosed with cancer is a traumatic event; it does not only affect the diagnosed patients, but also their caregivers. It brings along negative impacts on biopsychosocial health to the caregivers. Supportive interventions are essential for the caregivers to go through the cancer trajectory. In the past, interventions were being delivered in either face-to-face format or delivering written documents. Although Internet becomes a popular platform for delivering interventions given its substantial growth in usage, the effectiveness of this mode of intervention delivery is unclear. The aim of this review is to review existing literatures regarding efficacy of web-based interventions in psychological outcomes of cancer caregivers. A Literature search was performed in December 2012 from seven databases, including, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, ERIC, British Nursing Index and EBM Reviews. The following keywords were used in the search but were not limited to "paediatric", "parent", "caregiver", "cancer", "web-based", and "psycho education". Totally 4668 citations were identified, after excluding the duplicated and irrelevant citations; finally six studies were included in this review. A review of the literatures identified that the web-based interventions including either online support group only or a combination of informational website and online support group significantly improved coping skills, in a way reduced anxiety, stress, depression, burden, as well as negative mood and perceived bonding in cancer caregivers. It is concluded that a web-based format as a potential platform for delivering intervention to the caregivers of cancer patients for its unique advantage of easy accessibility, and no geographic or time barriers.
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A literature review found only three other web-based interventions for caregivers of cancer patients.
“In a literature review only three other web-based interventions for caregivers of cancer patients were found [9].”
From A web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results (Search results; Study characteristics) say the review included six studies of web-based interventions for cancer caregivers, not only three. The figure of three applies to the subset of studies involving caregivers of adult cancer patients; the other three involved caregivers of pediatric patients. The paper counts studies rather than distinct intervention programs, so it does not establish a total of only three interventions. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Internet has rarely been used to deliver psychological interventions to partners of cancer patients.
“However, the Internet has rarely been used to deliver psychological interventions to partners of cancer patients [10, 12].”
From Web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on acceptance and commitment therapy and self-compassion training: a randomized controlled trial with automated versus personal feedback (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction (page not provided) says that only a few studies of web-based interventions had been conducted with cancer caregivers, and the Abstract describes a review of their psychological outcomes. The paper does not establish how rarely such interventions have been delivered specifically to patients’ partners, rather than caregivers more broadly. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWeb- and mobile-based interventions can be less costly and may not rely heavily on psychotherapists.
“Third, web- and mobile-based interventions can be less costly and may not rely heavily on psychotherapists [20,21].”
From Effects and Mechanisms of a Web- and Mobile-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Nurses: Fully Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial. (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
The Introduction describes web-based interventions as time-efficient and accessible without travel, and the Conclusion calls for research toward a cost-effective intervention. The paper does not establish that web- or mobile-based interventions are less costly, discuss mobile interventions, or say that they rely less on psychotherapists. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWeb-based interventions for partners of cancer patients are scarce.
“Yet, despite these advantages, the web-based interventions for this population are scarce [9].”
From A web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction says that only a few studies of web-based interventions had been done with cancer caregivers, and the Results identify six included studies. This supports scarcity for caregivers generally, but the review does not establish how many interventions were specifically for patients’ partners. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExisting interventions for partners are often not theory-based and lack thorough evaluation.
“Finally, the interventions are often not theory-based and lack thorough evaluation [5,9].”
From A web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
The Discussion (page not provided) says few web-based interventions were theory-based and identifies methodological weaknesses that limit the validity of their evaluations. The review covers caregivers of cancer patients, including parents of children with cancer; it does not establish this pattern specifically for interventions for partners. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Web-based interventions can surmount barriers to help-seeking by allowing partners to receive help at home at any convenient time and, if preferred, anonymously.
“Web-based interventions can surmount these barriers, as they would inherently allow partners to receive help at home at any convenient time and, if they prefer, to remain anonymous [10–12].”
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“Indeed, research has shown that effectively managed interactions between healthcare providers, caregivers, and patients can improve a patient’s QoL by providing comfort and enjoyment [107,112,114].”
BackgroundApplication of Audio Education in Respiratory Medicine Wards
Zhao, Y., Liu, M., Fan, Z., Li, J., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Gong, Y., & Yang, W. (2019) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773819829622 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, R., Sun, Z., & Li, Q. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.06.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Levesque, B. J., Bamgboje‐Ayodele, A., Paradiso, B. J., Descallar, B. J., & Girgis, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2021.1955317 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hilario, R., Cosme, M., Barzola, I., Bejarano, G., Benavente, A., Sabrera, G., Celis, E., Mirabal, F., Huerta, M. D. P., Carpio, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/27527530231198202 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“There is little information on evidence on educational interventions developed by pediatric oncology nursing for parents and caregivers (Aburn & Gott, 2011; Dobrozsi et al., 2019; C. C. Rodgers et al., 2016; Tang et al., 2014), especially in low-and middle-income countries.”
BackgroundSantin, O., Ho, H. T., Bui, C. L., Nguyen, T. T. H., Ta, H. Q., Ngan, T. T., Hoang, M. V., Dang, T. H. Q., Pham, T. M., Pham, H. N., et al. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2024.2345115 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The development of digital resources to meet caregivers support needs has been prioritized by expert stakeholders, 32,33 this study supports the view that online interventions can enhance caregivers wellbeing 34 and can do so in a short time frame.”
Kim, M., Tan, K., & Coombs, L. A. (2025) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951525100370 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…basedinterventionsoncaregiverburdenandQoLamongcare-givers of cancer patients revealed that most studies have focused on systematic reviews (Kaltenbaugh et al. 2015; Lorca-Cabrera et al. 2020; Tang et al. 2014), with a limited number of meta-analyses available.”
Junger, K. W., & Kahhan, N. A. (2022) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000455 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Inadditiontoincreasingaccessibility,participa- tioninweb-basedinterventionshavebeenidenti-fi ed to reduce anxiety, stress, depression, burden, and negative mood in caregivers of children with chronic health conditions such as cancer (Tang et al., 2014).”
Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. J., Jo, Y. U., Ma, Y., Yoo, H. J., & Choi, H. S. (2021) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2021.1926609 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“have, therefore, underscored the need for interventions to support caregivers of children with cancer.(4,13) In particular, caregivers have reported that knowledge and social and psychological support are common unmet needs.”
BackgroundCoordinating Unlikely Companions? Patient Portals and Social Media
Belitzky, E., Kongar, E. A., & Lohle, M. F. (2019) · IEEE Engineering Management Review · doi:10.1109/emr.2019.2915990 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This paper aims to reduce the work in process void by articulating a conceptual process framework to integrate professional portals and social media platforms [22].”
BackgroundA Literacia em Saúde dos Cuidadores em Oncologia Pediátrica: um estudo de caso
Ferreira, J. M. (2020) · Páginas a&b Arquivos & Bibliotecas · doi:10.21747/21836671/pag2020a13
Sidik, S. M., Maideen, S. F. K., Rampal, L. R. G., & Mukhtar, F. (2020) · doi:10.2196/preprints.10472
Alvariza, A., Häger-Tibell, L., Holm, M., Steineck, G., & Kreicbergs, U. C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11998413
Shani, P., Raeesi, K., Walter, E., Lewis, K., Wang, W., Cohen, L., Yeh, G. Y., Lengacher, C. A., & Wayne, P. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14251948
Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Chu, T., Chen, X., Ma, L., Zhou, H., Wu, Y., Xu, D., & Jiang, K. (2026) · Breast Cancer Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/bctt.s585827
- Authors
- Tang, W. P., Chan, C. W., So, W. K., & Leung, D. Y.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Winnie P
- Venue
- Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-15
- ISSN
- 2347-5625 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5123453
- OpenAlex
- W2035896109
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Keywords
- online intervention, cancer caregivers, caregiver burden, online support groups, psychoeducation, coping strategies, anxiety, depression, stress, psychological outcomes
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