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100 Questions (and Answers) About Qualitative Research
Open accessAbstract
100 Questions (and Answers) About Qualitative Research, by Lisa M. Given, addresses the practical decisions that researchers must make in their work, from the design of the study, through ethics approval, implementation, and writing. The book’s quick-scan, question-and-answer format make it ideal as a supplementary text or as a ready reference for graduate students preparing for comprehensive exams and writing research proposals, undergraduates in affiliated programs who will not be taking a primary course in qualitative research methods, and researchers working across disciplines in academic or practice environments.
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“We found saturation being the point at which 'additional data do not lead to any new emergent themes' [36].”
From “It’s Weird That it Knows What I Want”: Usability and Interactions with Copilot for Novice Programmers (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Preliminary data analysis was performed concurrently with data collection, allowing us to determine when saturation, the point at which ‘additional data do not lead to any new emergent themes’ [26], was reached and recruitment was ceased.”
From Young People’s Barriers and Facilitators of Engagement with Web-Based Mental Health Interventions for Anxiety and Depression: A Qualitative Study (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
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Items 101–200 of 310
Davis, S., & Santillana, M. (2019) · Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture · doi:10.16997/wpcc.308 · Cited by 11
“After looking at the first 200 comments for themes, we reached theoretical saturation, as we were not able to find any new data to build on the identified categories or for new categories and themes to emerge (Given, 2016; Birks and Mills 2015).”
BackgroundGillespie, A. I., & Neu, M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043454220944122 · Cited by 11
“When a topic is being explored for the first time, as was the case in this study, a qualitative exploratory method is useful to explore the meaning of the topic from the participants’ own perspectives (Given, 2015).”
MethodBennett‐Daly, G., Maxwell, H., & Bridgman, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148368 · Cited by 12
Doré, I., Plante, A., Bedrossian, N., Montminy, S., St-Onge, K., St-Cyr, J., Pomey, M., Charpentier, D., Pettigrew, L., Brisson, I., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273145 · Cited by 15
Fabianek, A. A., Li, J. Z., Laume, S. E., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2023.050139 · Cited by 10
“Saturation was reached when additional data did not lead “ to any new emergent themes ” (Given, 2016, p. 135).”
BackgroundJiang, X. (2024) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2024.2328830 · Cited by 10
“The interview process continued until thematic saturation was achieved (Given 2016), ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the hindering factors faced by early-career social science researchers at Chinese local universities who graduated from top research universities.”
Jämterud, S. M., Snoek, A., van Langen, I. M., Verkerk, M. A., & Zeiler, K. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056869 · Cited by 10
Fitria, T. N. (2022) · SOSMANIORA Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora · doi:10.55123/sosmaniora.v1i1.199 · Cited by 10
Mobley, E. M., Thomas, S. M., Brailsford, J., Ochoa, C. Y., Miller, K. A., Applebaum, A., Milam, J. E., & Freyer, D. R. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2022.0050 · Cited by 11
Raciolinguistic ideologies as experienced by racialized academics in South Africa
Sekaja, L., Adams, B. G., & Yağmur, K. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2022.102092 · Cited by 11
Lin, C.-Y., Meagher, K., Bricknell, M. C. M., Patel, P., Achi, N. E., Kutluk, T., Harding, R., Kienzler, H., Giacaman, R., Mukherji, D., et al. (2023) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-023-00527-8 · Cited by 10
“The data saturation point was identified as being when no new codes or themes were generated from additional data [35].”
BackgroundPress Freedom and the (Crooked) Path Toward Democracy
Cohen, M. S., & Hopkinson, K. M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197634202.001.0001 · Cited by 10
Furtak, A., & Barnard, A. (2021) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1809 · Cited by 16
“Rigour and trustworthiness form an integral part of qualitative research (Given, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodServbrand Framework: A Business-To-Business Services Brand Equity Framework
Steenkamp, P., Herbst, F., Villiers, J. C. D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing · doi:10.1080/1051712x.2020.1713560 · Cited by 10
“This would allow for broader transferability and comparison of results (Given 2016).”
Joshi, N., Lau, S., Pang, M. F., & Lau, S. S. Y. (2020) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-020-00525-x · Cited by 9
Dinis, I., & Simões, O. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13095089 · Cited by 9
“The choice of the number of interviews followed the principle of saturation, in the sense that we stopped the survey at the point at which additional data do not led to any new emergent themes [65].”
BackgroundExploring multilingual speakers’ perspectives on their intelligibility in English
Blake, H. L., Verdon, S. E., & McLeod, S. L. (2019) · Speech Language and Hearing · doi:10.1080/2050571x.2019.1585681 · Cited by 9
“The results and discussion are combined as is the practise in qualitative research, so that the focus is on the participants’ own words, while providing evidence to support interpretation (Given, 2015).”
BackgroundA qualitative inquiry into the application of 9th grade EFL program in terms of the CEFR
Yüce, E., & Mirici, İ. H. (2019) · Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies · doi:10.17263/jlls.631560 · Cited by 9
“Firstly, triangulation points to comparing data by employing different sources, and researchers can investigate a problem from different perspectives (Given, 2015; Palmer & Bolderston, 2006).”
BackgroundTheorizing the Addressive Audience in Children’s Digital Video Production
Pandya, J. Z., & Low, D. E. (2019) · Written Communication · doi:10.1177/0741088319880509 · Cited by 9
“Ultimately, we did not end up analyzing all 284 videos because we reached a saturation point at which we felt we continued to gather more examples of the same kinds of comments to the audience, but were not adding new codes (Given, 2016; Urquhart, 2013).”
BackgroundTechnology and strategy use in academic writing
Bakla, A., & Karakaş, A. (2022) · Ibérica · doi:10.17398/2340-2784.44.285 · Cited by 9
Mindfulness-based interventions: what more can the West learn from Buddhism? A fieldwork study
Boxer, A., Shawyer, F., Coghlan, I., Ling, D., & Meadows, G. N. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1579575 · Cited by 14
Pornography Use and Sexual Offending: An Examination of Perceptions of Role and Risk
Holt, K. M., Kissinger, J., Spickler, C., & Roush, V. (2021) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x211049183 · Cited by 14
“(e.g., Birks & Mills, 2015; Given, 2016; Olshansky, 2015).”
How policy actors assert authority in the governance of food marketing policies
Ngqangashe, Y., Phulkerd, S., Collin, J., Schneider, C. H., Thow, A. M., & Friel, S. (2022) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102297 · Cited by 9
Duval, M., Harscoët, Y.-A., Jupille, J., Grall‐Bronnec, M., Moret, L., & Chirio-Espitalier, M. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04241-2 · Cited by 17
“Data saturation, which can be defined as a situation in which no new themes are identified in the analysis of the final interviews [24], was reached.”
BackgroundJiang, X., & Wang, D. (2023) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.1577 · Cited by 8
“Our sampling process involved constant comparison, and we followed the saturation rule, which dictated that we continued sampling until we identi fi ed no new emergent themes in the data (Given, 2016).”
MethodMiranda, C., Goñi, J., & Hilliger, I. (2019) · International Journal of Technology and Design Education · doi:10.1007/s10798-019-09552-2 · Cited by 8
“As no additional data lead to new conceptual themes (Given 2016), we determined that saturation of our model had been reached.”
BackgroundPersuasive Strategies in Selected Brand Products’ Advertisement on Instagram: Rationalization Aspect
Fitria, T. N. (2021) · Journal of Pragmatics Research · doi:10.18326/jopr.v3i2.108-130 · Cited by 8
Malik, A. (2024) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2024.2345236 · Cited by 7
“The study’s sample size was determined by data saturation in accordance with qualitative research norms (Given, 2015).”
The Happiness Experiences of Refugee Children at School: a Phenomenological Study
Çelik, O. T., Kahraman, Ü., Kaçmaz, C., & İçen, B. K. (2024) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-024-10206-6 · Cited by 7
“Themes are the fundamental findings that emerge from the inductive analysis of qualitative data (Creswell, 2013 ; Given, 2016).”
Fourie, I. (2020) · ISIC: The Information Behaviour Conference (ISIC) · doi:10.47989/irisic2003 · Cited by 7
Factors Affecting Access to Administrative Health Data for Research in Canada: A Study Protocol
Kendell, C., Levy, A. R., Porter, G. A., et al. (2021) · International Journal for Population Data Science · doi:10.23889/ijpds.v6i1.1653 · Cited by 7
(2023) · Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction · doi:10.47750/pegegog.13.01.38 · Cited by 7
Breckons, M., Thorne, S., Walsh, R. B., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285375 · Cited by 7
“The decision to cease recruitment was made collectively by the research team when it was considered that saturation had been reached in terms of additional interviews not requiring additional codes [13] or leading to any new themes [14].”
BackgroundThe management of cognitive labour in same-gender couples
McLean, C., Musolino, C., Rose, A., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287585 · Cited by 7
Evidence of Degrowth Values in Food Justice in a Northern Canadian Municipality
Rooney, A., & Vallianatos, H. (2021) · Environmental Values · doi:10.3197/096327121x16141642287764 · Cited by 7
“During our analysis of the last two interview transcripts, we found no new emergent themes, which Given (2015) suggests indicates saturation in the data.”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and the family courts: key practitioner findings in children cases
Richardson, K., Speed, A. K., Thomson, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law · doi:10.1080/09649069.2021.1996079 · Cited by 7
The Perceived Long-Term Impact of an Ageing Well Program
Timmermans, E., Robson, K., & Curtin, M. (2022) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2022.2028051 · Cited by 6
“Qualitative research approaches embrace subjectivity allowing for both individual and collective perceptions of experiences to be explored (Given, 2016).”
BackgroundRaffray, M., Vigneau, C. M., Couchoud, C., et al. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/20406223221108397 · Cited by 7
Bureau, R., & Clément, C. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231183071 · Cited by 7
“Data collection stopped when theme saturation was reached (Given, 2016).”
BackgroundIncecik, E., Taylor, R., Valentini, B., et al. (2020) · BJPsych Bulletin · doi:10.1192/bjb.2019.92 · Cited by 6
Understanding the talk patterns in secondary school classrooms
Thompson, P., Paatsch, L. E., & Nolan, A. (2024) · Language and Education · doi:10.1080/09500782.2024.2343292 · Cited by 11
“Saturation in this study signifies a point in the analysis where no new codes were identified in the data but rather there were mounting instances of the same codes (Given 2016).”
Zoufalá, M. M., Dyduch, J., & Glöckner, O. (2021) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel13010013 · Cited by 6
“There is a widespread consent, aptly captured e.g., by Given, that saturation is the point at which “additional data do not lead to any new emergent themes” (Given 2016, p. 135).”
BackgroundRadford, S. J., Moran, G. W., & Czuber‐Dochan, W. (2022) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871211061048 · Cited by 8
Taylor, S., Toyé, F., Donovan‐Hall, M., et al. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1988731 · Cited by 6
(2021) · Journal of Logistics Informatics and Service Science · doi:10.33168/liss.2021.0201 · Cited by 6
Zenir, M. C., Milkovich, P. J., Donnelly, P., et al. (2025) · Forest Policy and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103604 · Cited by 5
Blessed-Sayah, S., Griffiths, D., & Moll, I. (2022) · Journal of Education · doi:10.17159/2520-9868/i86a08 · Cited by 5
“Key emerging themes were identified and all the transcripts were revisited until saturation of data was reached (Birks & Mills, 2015; Given, 2016).”
BackgroundSavoring surplus: effects of food rescue on recipients
Wolfson, M. D., & Greeno, C. G. (2018) · Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition · doi:10.1080/19320248.2018.1512921 · Cited by 5
Woolford, R. J., & Salami, P. (2019) · Probation Journal · doi:10.1177/0264550519859068 · Cited by 5
Decoding Chinese Millennials: The Culture of Singles in the Post-Mao Era
Liang, F., & Simpson, T. (2022) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2022.2073610 · Cited by 5
“In this study, based on the gradual emergence of recurring and repetitive themes in the data, we determined that we had reached saturation with the 14th interview; that is, at that point new interview data failed to contribute new themes to the study (Given, 2015).”
Murphy, J., Molloy, G. J., Hynes, L., & McSharry, J. (2022) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2022.2085709 · Cited by 5
“Sample size in qualitative studies has typically been discussed with reference to data saturation, defined as the point in which no new information emerges from the data (Given, 2015; Lincoln & Guba, 1985).”
BackgroundHealthcare experiences of people with advanced colorectal cancer: A qualitative study
Lim, C. Y. S., Laidsaar‐Powell, R., Young, J. M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102265 · Cited by 5
Spaces of Anti-Ableist, Feminist Resistance
Lafuente, I. E. M. (2023) · Space and Culture · doi:10.1177/12063312231181529 · Cited by 5
Ting, L. A., Emery, L., & Sacco, P. (2019) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2019.1661915 · Cited by 5
Bosley, H., Appleton, J. V., Henshall, C. L., et al. (2020) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13115 · Cited by 5
Brogan-Hewitt, A., Apekey, T. A., Christian, M. S., & Day, R. E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093140 · Cited by 6
“Data saturation of these codes was achieved after the first four focus groups, as there were no new codes and therefore themes identified after this point [66].”
BackgroundSame label, different patients: Health-workers’ understanding of the label ‘critical illness’
Mkumbo, E., Willows, T. M., Onyango, O., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Health Services · doi:10.3389/frhs.2023.1105078 · Cited by 5
“The number of participants to interview was guided by thematic saturation in which additional data no longer led to any new emergent themes’ (19), and was expected to include 15–20 in each country.”
BackgroundDesign and Development of an In-Vehicle Human Machine Interface for Eco-Safe Driving
Vaezipour, A. (2018) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.118058 · Cited by 5
Chigwada, J., & Ngulube, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics · doi:10.3389/frma.2026.1740510 · Cited by 5
Leo, A. D., Dionisi, S., Spano, A., Iacorossi, L., Liquori, G., Giannetta, N., Simone, E. D., Presta, P., Petrone, F., Muzio, M. D., et al. (2024) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep14040198 · Cited by 4
“Indeed, the redundancy of the data reasonably allows the researcher to believe that they have not overlooked information that could consequently alter the research results [25].”
BackgroundSabri, N., & Hussin, N. A. M. (2024) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/10541373241260617 · Cited by 4
“Saturation was described as a point at which there were no additional data that led to any new emergent themes (Given, 2016).”
Hurley, L., Nezami, B. T., Sciamanna, C., & Tate, D. F. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241277351 · Cited by 4
A Phenomenological Approach to Financial Toxicity: The-Economic-Side Effect of Cancer
Panattoni, N., Simone, E. D., Renzi, E., Carlo, F. D., Fabbian, F., Muzio, M. D., Rosso, A., Petrone, F., & Massimi, A. (2024) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol31100454 · Cited by 4
“6089 The interviews’ phenomenological analysis [19,20] revealed three main themes and seven related subthemes, as shown in Figure 1.”
BackgroundBosley, H., Henshall, C. L., Appleton, J. V., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.1080/10376178.2021.1994865 · Cited by 4
“The data was analysed following each focus group and data saturation was considered to have been reached when ‘additional data did not lead to any new emergent themes’ (Given, 2016, p. 135).”
MethodSandow, A., Tice, M., Pérez‐Escamilla, R., Aryeetey, R., & Hromi‐Fiedler, A. J. (2022) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzac127 · Cited by 4
“This same process was conducted until saturation, defined as “the point where additional data do not lead to any new emergent themes” (36, 37), was reached once 83% of the FGs were coded.”
BackgroundOkuma Yazma Öncesi Hayat Bilgisi Öğretimi: Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Değerlendirmeleri
Tay, B., Ocakcı, E., & Çoban, E. (2024) · Pamukkale University Journal of Education · doi:10.9779/pauefd.1352509 · Cited by 4
Salam, A., Webster, R. J., Patel, A. A., Godamunne, P., Pathmeswaran, A., de Silva, H. A., Rogers, A., Jan, S., & Laba, T. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022317 · Cited by 4
“During the process evaluation, based on the contemporaneous analysis of collected data, interview guides will be subjected to amendments as necessary in discussion with the research team.(21)”
MethodOng, J., & Tajuddin, A. J. A. (2021) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.20.7.6 · Cited by 4
Lade, C., MacPhail, C. L., & Rutherford, A. (2023) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh23163 · Cited by 4
Are Professional Skills Learnable? Beliefs and Expectations Among Computing Graduates
Cortázar, C., Goñi, J., Ortiz, A., & Nussbaum, M. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3641551 · Cited by 9
“In particular, we used Given’s [ 43 ] criteria of theoretical saturation as the moment new data leads to no new emergent themes.”
MethodClifford, S., Smith, J. A., & Christie, B. D. (2020) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305120904708 · Cited by 5
“Given (2016) suggests that saturation is reached when there are no new emergent themes, though new codes may contribute to existing themes.”
BackgroundAttitudes of East Tennessee residents towards general and pertussis vaccination: a qualitative study
Tandy, C. B., & Jabson, J. M. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10465-w · Cited by 4
“Following the definition by Given (2016), that additional data do not lead to any new emergent themes [32] .”
BackgroundGros, A. B., Álvarez, D. L., & Milà, B. B. (2025) · Journal of Civil Engineering Education · doi:10.1061/jceecd.eieng-2178 · Cited by 3
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Stone, P., Goldman, G. A., & Thomas, P. (2023) · Acta Commercii · doi:10.4102/ac.v23i1.1143 · Cited by 3
“Strauss and Corbin’s approach involves a three-stage coding process: • Open coding: Involves inspection of data to break it down into units of meaning (Given 2016; Strauss & Corbin 1990).”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Perceptions of Small-Scale Farmers Towards Hydroponics: A Thematic Analysis
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Johnson, E. K., Rosoklija, I., Walton, R. F., et al. (2023) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-023-03822-1 · Cited by 3
Lines, L. E., Bell, A., Hunter, S. C., et al. (2024) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103909 · Cited by 3
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Biady, Y., Lee, T., Pham, L., Patanwala, A. E., Poon, S. K.-S., Ritchie, A., Burke, R. A., & Penm, J. H.-D. (2024) · ACI Open · doi:10.1055/s-0044-1782534 · Cited by 3
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Cyrek, B. (2024) · Zarządzanie Mediami · doi:10.4467/23540214zm.23.013.19741 · Cited by 3
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Fitria, T. N. (2022) · Journal of Language and Literature · doi:10.24071/joll.v22i2.3942 · Cited by 3
“This research involved documents in collecting the data as it can be used as the sole focus for data collection and analysis (Given, 2015).”
MethodModels of Information Behavior
(2016) · Studies in information · doi:10.1108/s2055-53772016007 · Cited by 3
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Stanziani, M. R., Cox, J. M., MacNeil, E., & Carden, K. D. (2024) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-024-00966-9 · Cited by 6
“Additionally, qualitative inquiry allows for the generation of empirically based hypotheses that can be examined quantitatively in subsequent research (Givens, 2016).”
Lecours, A., Bédard-Mercier, R., Hong, Q. N., Maclure, J., Vincent, C., & Lord, M.-M. (2024) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-240208 · Cited by 2
“Infact,thenumberofpartic-ipantstoberecruitedisbasedonthecriterionof saturation,thepointatwhichnonewideasabout thestudysubjectareputforwardbyparticipants[54, 55].”
Sitanggang, Y. F., & Lin, H. (2024) · Belitung Nursing Journal · doi:10.33546/bnj.3395 · Cited by 2
“Data saturation determined the sample size, and the interviews concluded when no new information was obtained (Given, 2016).”
BackgroundEvlilik Kurumu ile İlişkilenirken “Yurt Çocuğu” Olmak: Kadınların Damgalanma Deneyimleri
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“Hence, data saturation was attained from a grounded theory approach as ‘the point in coding when no new codes are found in the data’ (Urquhart, 2013: p. 194), or ‘additional data do not lead to any new emergent themes’ (Given, 2016: p. 135).”
Lived Experiences of Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Singh, R., & Malik, A. (2022) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8813-0.ch001 · Cited by 2
Blumenthal, L., & Sefotho, M. M. (2022) · African Journal of Disability · doi:10.4102/ajod.v11i0.886 · Cited by 2
“In addition, they provide in-depth information (Given 2015) by utilising the perceptions and observations of the participants through the interpretive paradigm and method.”
BackgroundLived experiences and meanings of the COVID-19 pandemic: A case of the elderly survivors
Realino, V. J. L., Cagasan, E. G., & Gravoso, R. S. (2023) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103772 · Cited by 2
“Theoretical saturation occurs when additional data do not result in the emergence of any new theme [23].”
Analysis of English lecturer assessment using academic information system (SIAKAD) institution
Institut Teknologi Bisnis AAS Indonesia, I., & Fitria, T. N. (2023) · Journal of Applied Studies in Language · doi:10.31940/jasl.v7i1.86-98 · Cited by 2
“Given (2015) adds that documents can be used as the sole focus for data collection and analysis.”
BackgroundIt joins all – Synchronicity: How technology is reshaping our understanding of collaboration
Stone, P. J., Thomas, P., & Goldman, G. A. (2023) · Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management · doi:10.4102/jtscm.v17i0.924 · Cited by 2
Mkumbo, E., Willows, T. M., Onyango, O., Khalid, K., Maiba, J., Schell, C. O., Oliwa, J. N., McKnight, J., Baker, T., & English, M. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-11254-y · Cited by 3
“The number of participants was guided by thematic saturation in which additional data no longer led to any new emergent themes, as commonly used in qualitative research [18], and was expected to include 15 to 20 in each country [18].”
BackgroundEaster, T. S., Santo, A. R., Sage, A. H., et al. (2024) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.10748 · Cited by 2
Balogun, O., DeTore, N. R., Dokholyan, K. N., Cather, C., Tepper, M. C., Lanca, M., Mueser, K. T., & Russinova, Z. L. (2025) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.70011 · Cited by 2
“Confirmation of this saturation point gave confidence to the research team that enough data had been collected to draw conclusions (Given 2015).”
ISRAEL'S USE OF SPORTS FOR NATION BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
Dubinsky, Y. (2018) · Cited by 2
EXAMiner: A Case Study of the Implementation of a Hazard Recognition Safety Intervention
Eiter, B. M., & Hrica, J. K. (2019) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20148-7_25 · Cited by 2
(2016) · Studies in information · doi:10.1108/s2055-53772016004 · Cited by 2
Exploration of Hope Among Young Adults with Cancer in Malaysia
Sabri, N., Hussin, N. A. M., & Chooi, W.-T. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2023.0016 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Given, L. M.
- Corresponding author
- Given, Lisa M.
- ORCID
- Given, Lisa M.
- Venue
- Sage eBooks
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications, Inc
- Published
- 2016
- OpenAlex
- W2747973994
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16
- FWCI
- 41.13
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Sage eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Keywords
- qualitative research, research design, research ethics approval, evidence-based practice implementation, comprehensive exam, graduate student training
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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