Cited by 1,166Qualitative Research Methods and ApplicationsQualitative Research Methods and EthicsCounseling Practices and Supervision

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Qualitative Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy

McLeod, John·2001·SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks

DOI 10.4135/9781849209663

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Abstract

Qualitative Inquiry and the Reconstruction of Counselling and Psychotherapy The Relevance and Contribution of Hermeneutics The Phenomenological Approach Hermeneutics and Phenomenology The Core of Qualitative Method Ethnographic Approaches to Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy Using Grounded Theory The Analysis of Conversation, Discourse and Narrative Qualitative Inquiry as Bricolage How to Do Qualitative Research The Role of Qualitative Research Methods in Outcome Research Critical Issues in the Use of Qualitative Inquiry

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“Qualitative research is personal in nature, and the identity and experiences of the researcher influence the results that are produced (McLeod, 2002).”
Background
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McDonald, M. (2009) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · Cited by 9
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“…a variety of youth mental health difficulties including AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, eating disorders, internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and substance use (Lerner et al., 2011; J. McLeod, 2011; Ormhaug et al., 2014; Zorzella et al., 2015).”
Background
Render unto Caesar: Quantitative and qualitative knowing in research on humanistic therapies / Gebt dem Kaiser, was des Kaisers ist: Quantitatives and qualitatives Wissen in der Forschung zu Humanistischen Therapien / Dar al César lo que es del César: Saber Cuantitativo y Cualitativo en la Investigación en Terapias Humanisticas
Elliott, R. (2002) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2002.9688281 · Cited by 9
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Dumangane, C. (2016) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 9
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“Semi-structured interviews were used due to their flexibility and being dependent on participant responses (Kallio et al., 2016; McLeod, 2012).”
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Boele, F. W., Kawalek, J. C., Nicklin, E., Gout, T., Watson, J. M., The PERSONAL-EYE-S Study Group, Woodward, A., Coleman, E., Ronaldson, S. J., Zoltie, T., et al. (2024) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-024-02933-0 · Cited by 8
“Reflexive thematic analysis, led by JK supervised by EN, was used to develop knowledge based on patterns within the data [17–20].”
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Ben‐Amitay, G., Buchbinder, E., & Toren, P. (2015) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1069773 · Cited by 10
“As such, the aim of the researcher is to describe and analyze people’s “lived experiences” (McLeod, 2001; van Manen, 2001), without attempting to support or refute hypotheses.”
Background
Therapist momentary experiences of disconnection with clients
Gross, B., & Elliott, R. (2017) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2017.1386588 · Cited by 8
“A constant comparative method was used (McLeod, 2011) to generate and develop categories within a broad framework of domains of interest (i.e. context, moment and unfolding).”
MethodInfluential
West African Immigrant Perspectives on Female Genital Cutting: Experiences, Attitudes, and Implications for Mental Health Service Providers
Akinsulure‐Smith, A. M., Chu, T., & Krivitsky, L. N. (2018) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-018-0544-6 · Cited by 8
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What research for what training in psychotherapy? Some methodological issues and a proposal
Nuovo, S. D. (2019) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.410 · Cited by 8
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Afshar, H. S., & Hafez, F. (2021) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4614 · Cited by 8
“McLeod (2001) notes this movement has been most evident in education, social sciences, and healthcare inquiry since QR provides opportunities to understand social interaction dimensions that are not addressed in the traditional research methods.”
Background
Barriers and facilitators of young people’s engagement with webchat counselling: A qualitative analysis informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel
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The functional value of unconventional names in contemporary society: Social safety and security through Basotho nicknames
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“As this is a qualitative study, the criteria of its quality ultimately come down to whether ‘the researcher is plausible and trustworthy’ (McLeod, 2001, p. 188).”
Background
The experience of counselling for female clients with anorexia nervosa: A person‐centred perspective
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Background
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Hamama‐Raz, Y., Rosenfeld, S., & Buchbinder, E. (2010) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481181003697613 · Cited by 8
“…the phenomenological researcher is to expose the meaning of a human phenomenon through personal awareness, thus enabling a detailed and holistic understanding of the interviewees’ subjective processes and meanings, without attempting to reinforce or refute hypotheses (McLeod, 2001; Padgett, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
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The body of culture: Transcultural competence in dance movement therapy
Boas, S. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203641613-16 · Cited by 8
The therapist’s use of self: A closer look at the processes within congruence
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Becoming a Narrative Inquirer
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Does one treatment benefit all? Patients’ experiences of standardized group CBT for anxiety and depression
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“The qualitative methodology can also be seen as fundamentally more in line with the concept of psychotherapy, as it emphasizes human agency, emotion, reflexivity, language, and the validity of human experience (McLeod, 2011).”
Background
Psychotherapy patients in mental health care:: attachment styles, interpersonal problems and therapy experiences
Göstas, M. W. (2014) · Örebro University Library (Örebro University) · doi:10.13140/2.1.2601.6327 · Cited by 8
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“achieved by being transparent and sharing the findings during participant validation carried out after the analysis was complete which also served as a credibility check (McLeod, 2001).”
Method
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“First of all, qualitative studies are as scientifi c as any other method and could permit us to improve our theories (Camic, Rhodes, & Yardley, 2003; McLeod, 2001; Stiles, 1993).”
Method
Evaluating the processes and outcomes of vocational counselling: An action theory perspective
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“Thematic analysis (TA) was chosen as the most appropriate method due to its straightforward, flexible, and accessible nature (McLeod, 2011).”
Method
The Impact of Problem Gambling on the Female Spouses of Male Chinese Gamblers in Hong Kong: Emergence of a Multiple-Self Model
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“This study adopted a constructivist grounded theory method of inquiry (Charmaz 2003), a method that has been useful for developing theories on social and psychological processes (Creswell 2013; McLeod 2001).”
Method
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David, M., & Widdowson, J. (2013) · Cited by 7
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Method
The Interplay Between Poly-Victimization and Sexual Assault in Late Life in the Context of Life Course Perspective
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“The aim of a qualitative research approach is to attempt to understand the subjective meanings of people’s experiences of a phenomenon (McLeod, 2001) and is appropriate for studying sensitive issues relating to participants’ selfdisclosure (Renzetti & Lee, 1993).”
Background
Fostering Dialogue: Exploring the Therapists’ Discursive Contributions in a Couple Therapy
Avdi, E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23306-2_6 · Cited by 7
Perbandingan Sikap Empati Mahasiswa Sebagai Calon Konselor Berdasarkan Analisis Gender
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Increased participation in the life context: A qualitative study of clients’ experiences of problems and changes after psychotherapy
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“Despite this, qualitative methods seem to be rare and underutilized in psychotherapy outcome research (Haverkamp, Morrow, & Ponterotto, 2005; Howe, 1996; McLeod, 2001; Nilsson, Svensson, Sandell, & Clinton, 2007).”
Method
The art therapy large group as a teaching method for the institutional and political aspects of professional training
Skaife, S., & Jones, K. J. (2009) · Learning in Health and Social Care · doi:10.1111/j.1473-6861.2008.00211.x · Cited by 7
“Macleod (2001) describes the following key principles of action-based research: learning is irrevocably linked with action, understanding is generated through practical activity, knowledge is intrinsically collective and relational, and true knowing involves embracing the subjective dimension of…”
Background
Hybrid Creatures: Mapping the emerging shape of art therapy education in Australia
Westwood, J. (2010) · Goldsmiths Research Online · Cited by 7
Commentary: New Pluralistic Strategies for Research in Clinical Practice
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towards an organisational team sport intervention model for managing a diverse workforce
Joubert, Y. T., & Beer, J. J. D. (2013) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 7
Participatory data analysis in social change work: empowering, practical, or both?
Kogen, L. (2024) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/14687941241288207 · Cited by 6
Therapists’ Perceptions of Individual Patient Characteristics that May Be Hindering to Group CBT for Anxiety and Depression
Christensen, A. B., Svart, N., Bokelund, H., Reinholt, N., Eskildsen, A., Poulsen, S., Hvenegaard, M., Simonsen, E. H., & Arnfred, S. (2020) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2020.1800292 · Cited by 7
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“Thematic analysis was determined to be suitable for analyzing the data in an atheoretical manner, exploring the unique experiences of the respondents (McLeod, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“A sincere ‘how are you?’ is already a sign of acknowledgement that you're there too.” - Interview study on the support needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with a parent with cancer
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What are the perceived implications, if any, for non-IAPT therapists working in an IAPT service?
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“Qualitative inquiry ignores fixed assumptions and ‘holds the promise of discovery, of generating new insights into old problems, and producing nuanced accounts that do justice to the experience of all those participating in the research’ (McLeod, 2001, p. 1).”
Background
Mentoring PhD students working in industry: Using hermeneutics as a critical approach to the experience
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Social Workers’ Encounters with Elder Abuse and Neglect: Giving Meaning to Their Experiences
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Managing threats: A grounded theory of counseling engagement in clients with experiential avoidance
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Making sense of mental health: a qualitative study of student counsellors
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“McLeod (2011) argues that qualitative research and qualitative methods seek to develop insight into how people make sense of their world.”
Background
The Secondary Impact of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Family Members
Gamgee, J., Runacres, J., Norman, A., & Pradhan, P. (2023) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807231164421 · Cited by 6
“It assumed that there is one, universal truth, but that truth is interpreted by individuals, who are never value free (McLeod, 2011; Willig & Rogers, 2017).”
Background
Socioeconomic Determinants of Successful Aging in Southern Africa: Socio-Theological Gerontology
Madigele, T. J. (2024) · Religion and Development · doi:10.30965/27507955-20230033 · Cited by 8
The development of counselling psychology in Ireland
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“Significant strides have been made in increasing the rigour of pragmatic psychotherapy research in the past decade (McLeod, 2011; Timulak, 2008).”
Background
Working together: Editing a book as narrative research methodology
Etherington, K. (2002) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140212331384795 · Cited by 7
The Lived Experience of Discrimination of White Women in Committed Interracial Relationships with Black Men
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“This enabled her to develop a critical awareness in which she was able to identify, acknowledge, bracket and suspend her biases towards the research phenomenon both prior to and during the process of data collection and data analysis (Colaizzi, 1973; De Rivera, 2006; McLeod, 2001; Tesch, 1990).”
Method
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“Counselling research tends to be small scale and qualitative in order to gain knowledge of the complex meanings attached to therapeutic work (Kirk & Miller, 1986; McLeod, 1994, 2001).”
Background
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Background
Researching the lives of Irish Roman Catholic clergy who have sexually abused minors: Collaborative inquiry
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“Given the inequalities in power that are present, by definition, in the therapeutic relationship, with its potential for manipulation and control (McLeod, 2001: 18) I was concerned that the clients who were approached to participate in the research might feel obliged to do so, or be afraid to…”
Background
Dreaming and Occupation
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WHY USE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF CLIENTS’ EXPERIENCES IN HEALTHCARE RESEARCH?
Lee, K., & Krauss, S. E. (2015) · Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) · Cited by 6
Recovered Voices, Recovered Lives: A Narrative Analysis of Psychiatric Survivors’ Experiences of Recovery
Adame, A. L. (2006) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 6
What Makes Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Work? A Review of Five Perspectives
Minges, M. V., Solomonov, N., & Barber, J. (2017) · Psychoanalytic Inquiry · doi:10.1080/07351690.2017.1285188 · Cited by 6
“Although there is a fairly wide agreement that symptomatic change is a desirable outcome of any treatment, there is still an ongoing debate regarding other ways to define a treatment as a success (McLeod, 2011; Hill, Chui, and Baumann, 2013).”
Background
What are the experiences of external executive coaches working with coachees’ assigned goals?
Cowan, K. (2013) · International journal of evidence based coaching and mentoring · doi:10.1177/174183051301107s03 · Cited by 6
“It takes a hermeneutic approach, so involves the traditional phenomenological focus on description (Moustakas, 1994), but also invites interpretation and thus the revealing of new aspects of a phenomenon (McLeod, 2001).”
Psychological growth through Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy training in Japan
Ono, K. (2018) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2018.1440623 · Cited by 6
Constructing “Georgia”: Love, Play, Work as a Central Theme in O’Keefee’s Early and Late Memories
Androutsopoulou, A., Dima, E., Papageorgiou, S., et al. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16953-4_18 · Cited by 6
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child and Adolescent Anxiety: CBT in a Nutshell
Badin, E., Alvarez, E., & Chu, B. C. (2020) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0700-8_3 · Cited by 6
Exploring the Contribution of Personal Qualities to the Personal and Professional Development of Trainee Sport Psychology Practitioners’ Within the Individuation Process
Verner, D., Chandler, C., & Clarke, P. (2021) · Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research · doi:10.2478/pcssr-2021-0024 · Cited by 6
Convergence and divergence of themes in successful psychotherapy: An assimilation analysis.
Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Endres, L. M., Stiles, W. B., & Silberschatz, G. (2001) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037//0033-3204.38.1.31 · Cited by 6
A journey through languages: A systematic literature review on the multilingual experience in counselling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents
Serrani, L. (2022) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12593 · Cited by 6
Counselling Psychologists’ experiences of work stress
Papadomarkaki, E., & Lewis, Y. (2008) · Counselling Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpscpr.2008.23.4.39 · Cited by 6
The Process of Conducting Qualitative Research as an Adjunct to the Development of Therapeutic Abilities in Counselling Psychology
Thorpe, M. R. (2013) · New Zealand journal of psychology · Cited by 6
Ethics and practices of re‐presentation: Witnessing self and other
Crocket, K. (2013) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2013.779733 · Cited by 6
Play Within the Pre-registration Children's Nursing Curriculum Within the United Kingdom: A Content Analysis of Programme Specifications
Stonehouse, D. P., Piper, C., Briggs, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.013 · Cited by 6
Narrative processes in the assimilation of a problematic experience: qualitative analysis of a single case
McLeod, J., & Balamoutsou, S. (2000) · ZQF – Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung · doi:10.3224/zqf.v1i2.4147 · Cited by 6
“The paper forms part of a series of research reports based on analysis of narrative processes in single cases of experiential psychotherapy (McLeod/Balamoutsou 1996; McLeod 1997; Grafanaki/McLeod 1999).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Life space mapping: Preliminary results from the development of a new method for investigating counselling outcomes
Rodgers, B. C. (2006) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140601045437 · Cited by 6
Five women talk about work‐related brief therapy and therapeutic writing
WRIGHT, J. K. (2003) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140312331384362 · Cited by 6
Research Policy and Practice in Person-centered and Experiential Therapy: Restoring coherence / Forschungspolitik und -praxis in Personzentrierter und Experienzieller Therapie: Wiederherstellung von Kohärenz / Políticas y Práctica de Investigación en Terapia Centrada en la Persona y Experiencial: Restaurando la Coherencia
McLeod, J. (2002) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2002.9688280 · Cited by 6
“There is also now a range of qualitative methodologies being applied within counseling and psychotherapy research (McLeod, 2001).”
MethodSelf-citation
Understanding Iconography: A method to allow Rich Picture Interpretation to improve
Berg, T. (2013) · Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20445.61923 · Cited by 6
A comparative study of the metaperceptions of transracially adoptive mothers and adoptees in South Africa
Camara, C. (2015) · Cited by 6

Authors: McLeod, J.
Corresponding author: McLeod, John
Venue: SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Published: 2001
DOI: 10.4135/9781849209663
OpenAlex: W1505468096
Cited by: 1,166
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 50.20
Type: book
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
Keywords: qualitative research, counseling, psychotherapy, hermeneutics, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, narrative analysis, bricolage, outcomes research

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