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Qualitative Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy
Abstract
Qualitative Inquiry and the Reconstruction of Counselling and Psychotherapy The Relevance and Contribution of Hermeneutics The Phenomenological Approach Hermeneutics and Phenomenology The Core of Qualitative Method Ethnographic Approaches to Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy Using Grounded Theory The Analysis of Conversation, Discourse and Narrative Qualitative Inquiry as Bricolage How to Do Qualitative Research The Role of Qualitative Research Methods in Outcome Research Critical Issues in the Use of Qualitative Inquiry
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“An important strength is that we used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in order to examine the phenomenon of remission and the perceived reasons for positive and negative outcome [46].”
From Helpful and hindering factors for remission in dysthymia and panic disorder at 9-year follow-up: A mixed methods study (2008) · cites this paper as [46]
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Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414
One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis?
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238 · Cited by 9,727
“However, as noted, there is much value in such guidance, not least in making qualitative research more accessible to those without expert supervision or mentoring (McLeod 2001).”
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12360 · Cited by 3,198
Ponterotto, J. G. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.126 · Cited by 3,223
Language and meaning: Data collection in qualitative research.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.137 · Cited by 2,313
Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954-2004 and beyond
Butterfield, L. D., Borgen, W. A., Amundson, N. E., & Maglio, A.-S. (2005) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794105056924 · Cited by 1,182
Using thematic analysis in counselling and psychotherapy research: A critical reflection
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2018) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12165 · Cited by 915
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2016) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2016.1195588 · Cited by 580
“The student had read Qualitative Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy (McLeod, 2011), a text which presents TA as a variant of grounded theory.”
BackgroundQualitative Research in Counseling Psychology
Morrow, S. L. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006286990 · Cited by 584
Ethical Research in Reflexive Relationships
Etherington, K. (2007) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1077800407301175 · Cited by 385
Lalor, K., & McElvaney, R. (2010) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838010378299 · Cited by 376
Qualitative Research Method: Grounded Theory
Khan, S. N. (2014) · International Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.5539/ijbm.v9n11p224 · Cited by 513
“The best we can do is to arrive at a truth that makes a difference that opens up new possibilities for understanding’ (McLeod, 2001, p. 4).”
BackgroundTimulák, L. (2008) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300802477989 · Cited by 326
“…depression; emotion in therapy; integrative treatment models; outcome research; process research; qualitative research methods The number of qualitative research studies in psychotherapy is growing (cf. McLeod, 2001) and with them the need for cumulative assessment of emerging research findings.”
BackgroundSHAW, I. F., & Ruckdeschel, R. A. (2002) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/147332500200100101 · Cited by 319
Interpretative phenomenological analysis and embodied, active, situated cognition
Larkin, M., Eatough, V., & Osborn, M. (2011) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354310377544 · Cited by 383
Priest, H. M., Roberts, P. M., & Woods, L. P. (2002) · Nurse Researcher · doi:10.7748/nr2002.10.10.1.30.c5877 · Cited by 295
“Despite this, the use of narrative had, until the 1970s, been little regarded by researchers, including those in nursing and health care (McLeod 2001).”
BackgroundKazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.010 · Cited by 279
‘At home it's just so much easier to be yourself’: older adults' perceptions of ageing in place
STONES, D., & Gullifer, J. (2014) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x14001214 · Cited by 265
Research Design in Clinical Psychology
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · doi:10.1017/9781108993647 · Cited by 240
The patient's account of relapse and recovery in anorexia nervosa: a qualitative study
Federici, A., & Kaplan, A. S. (2007) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.813 · Cited by 230
Timulák, L. (2007) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300600608116 · Cited by 223
“…of cumulative work on qualitative studies of psychotherapy can be found in several publications using a classical review format that presents brief structured summaries of different studies (e.g., Frommer, Langenbach, & Streeck, 2004; Maione & Chenail, 1999; McLeod, 2001; Rennie, 2002, 2004).”
BackgroundResearch on experiential psychotherapies
Elliott, R., Greenberg, L. S., & Lietaer, G. (2004) · Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) · Cited by 242
Developing Typologies in Qualitative Research: The Use of Ideal-type Analysis
Stapley, E., O’Keeffe, S., & Midgley, N. (2022) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069221100633 · Cited by 208
Targets and Outcomes of Psychotherapies for Mental Disorders: An Overview
Cuijpers, P. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20661 · Cited by 206
Ponterotto, J. G. (2010) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012051 · Cited by 236
“In the last decade, many excellent sources on conducting qualitative research have been put forth (e.g., Camic et al., 2003; Denzin & Lincoln, 2005b; McLeod, 2001).”
BackgroundQualitative Research Method - Phenomenology
Khan, S. N. (2014) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v10n21p298 · Cited by 326
Sousa, D. (2014) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2013.853855 · Cited by 185
“…qualitative research: the overuse of “bricolage,” sometimes ending in the mix of different methodologies, leading to a position of the “anything goes” (Sousa 2008 p. 149; Feyerabend 1975, p. 78), or at least to a position of excessive relativism called “blurred genres” (McLeod 2001, p. 9).”
BackgroundParadigms, Purpose, and the Role of the Literature
Haverkamp, B. E., & Young, R. A. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006292597 · Cited by 181
Levitt, H. M., Butler, M., & Hill, T. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.314 · Cited by 176
“Also, these results meet the call for qualitative outcome studies (e.g., McLeod, 2000), as they suggest successful methods of intervention that are sensitive to contextualized practice.”
BackgroundResultExploring the Tourist Experience
Park, S., & Santos, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287515624017 · Cited by 172
“…at different times—as in the case of our study—allowing for the identification of repeated patterns (themes) “in informant [sic] accounts of experience” (McLeod 2011, 145–47) within and across data (Boyatzis 1998; Creswell 2009; Miles and Huberman 1994; Vaismoradi, Turunen, and Bondas 2013).”
BackgroundShifting the Focus: Sequential Methods of Analysis With Qualitative Data
Simons, L., Lathlean, J., & Squire, C. (2008) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732307310264 · Cited by 168
“This involved a process of breaking the text down to small units and organizing according to category, thus creating a large mass of data segments and annotations (McLeod, 2001).”
BackgroundBinder, P.-E., Holgersen, H., & Moltu, C. (2012) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2012.726815 · Cited by 165
Effectively Communicating Qualitative Research
Ponterotto, J. G., & Grieger, I. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006287443 · Cited by 190
“McLeod (2001) observed that “it may be possible to do good quantitative research without knowing much about epistemology or the philosophy of (social) science, but good qualitative research requires an informed awareness of philosophical perspectives” (p. 203).”
BackgroundNilsson, T., Svensson, M., Sandell, R., & Clinton, D. N. (2007) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300601139988 · Cited by 170
“The Interviews Qualitative interviews were used to assess patients’ experiences of change during psychotherapy (Fontana & Frey, 1994; McLeod, 2001; Sandell, Grebo, Härdelin, & Lauthers, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPublishing Qualitative Research in Counseling Journals
Hunt, B. (2011) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00092.x · Cited by 150
Larsen, D., Flesaker, K., & Stege, R. (2008) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940690800700102 · Cited by 133
“The interviewer is the research instrument (Kvale, 1996; McLeod, 2001).”
MethodInfluentialQuest, chaos and restitution: Living with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
Whitehead, L. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.09.008 · Cited by 129
“Narrative theory is increasingly employed to understand the subjective experience of illness (McLeod, 2000) with growing recognition that narratives are the means by which we render our existence as meaningful (Polkinghorne, 1988).”
BackgroundMethodCharacteristics of successfully implemented telemedical applications
Obstfelder, A. U., Engeseth, K. H., & Wynn, R. (2007) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-2-25 · Cited by 131
Hill, C. E., Chui, H. T., & Baumann, E. C. (2013) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0030571 · Cited by 128
“McLeod (2011) also noted that clients seem to be more willing to be critical of therapists in interviews than they are on self-report measures where there are often ceiling effects because clients give such extremely positive responses.”
BackgroundInfluentialBinder, P., Holgersen, H., & Nielsen, G. H. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300903376338 · Cited by 111
Embodied Categorizing in the Grounded Theory Method
Rennie, D. L., & Fergus, K. D. (2006) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354306066202 · Cited by 109
Buchbinder, E. (2010) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325010370189 · Cited by 108
Foster, J. M., & Hagedorn, W. B. (2014) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.918072 · Cited by 107
“Along with enumerative analysis, the researchers analyzed the narratives for themes under the framework of narrative analysis (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000; McLeod, 2011).”
MethodA time and place for qualitative and mixed methods in counseling psychology research.
Haverkamp, B. E., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.123 · Cited by 107
“, Hoshmand, 1989; Howard, 1983; Kopala & Suzuki, 1999; Polkinghorne, 1984), the field has been slow to expand the research paradigms from which it operates and the research methodologies it uses (McLeod, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEXTERNALIZING PROBLEMS THROUGH ART AND WRITING: EXPERIENCE OF PROCESS AND HELPFULNESS
Keeling, M. L., & Bermudez, M. (2006) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2006.tb01617.x · Cited by 115
Discourse analysis and psychotherapy: A critical review
Avdi, E., & Georgaca, E. (2007) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642530701363445 · Cited by 105
“conversation analysis and narrative analysis (McLeod, 2001), discourse analysis investigates therapy as a collaborative semiotic process of meaning-making.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA General Perspective on Role of Theory in Qualitative Research
Mehdi, T., & Talib, M. A. (2010) · Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) · Cited by 104
Angus, L. E., Watson, J. C., Elliott, R., Schneider, K. J., & Timulák, L. (2014) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2014.989290 · Cited by 104
“Given the central importance of the person of the client in humanistic therapeutic approaches (Tallman & Bohart, 1999), it is perhaps not surprising that humanistic researchers have been at the forefront, of not only developing, but implementing qualitative research designs (Elliott, 2002; McLeod, 2011; Watson, Goldma…”
BackgroundContent analysis or thematic analysis
Humble, N., & Mozelius, P. (2022) · European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies · doi:10.34190/ecrm.21.1.316 · Cited by 105
“However, a difference with thematic analysis if compared to grounded theory method, where there is a clear resemblance in the analysis process, is that thematic analysis does not have the goal of generating a theory ( McLeod, 2001; Braun & Clarke, 2006).”
What can qualitative psychology contribute to psychological knowledge?
Willig, C. (2019) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000218 · Cited by 108
Berríos, R., & Lucca, N. (2006) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00393.x · Cited by 97
Beyond grounded theory: The use of a heuristic approach to qualitative research
West, W. (2001) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140112331385168 · Cited by 104
Bullying and the neoliberal university: A co-authored autoethnography
Zawadzki, M., & Jensen, T. (2020) · Management Learning · doi:10.1177/1350507620920532 · Cited by 95
“A conceptual encounterer acts as a friend, supporting the autoethnographer’s feelings and judgement with empathy, presence, expertise and knowledge (Boncori and Smith, 2019; see De Rivera, 2006; Kempster and Stewart, 2010; McLeod, 2001).”
BackgroundDurum Çalışması ve Olgubilim Desenlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Çapar, M., & Ceylan, M. (2022) · Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18037/ausbd.1227359 · Cited by 90
Eigenhuis, E., Waumans, R. C., Muntingh, A. D. T., Westerman, M. J., van Meijel, M., Batelaan, N. M., & van Balkom, A. J. L. M. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247516 · Cited by 90
“Qualitative research is specifically intended to promote the growth of understanding, rather than to collect factual knowledge and causal explanations [39].”
BackgroundNegotiating a pathological identity in the clinical dialogue: Discourse analysis of a family therapy
Avdi, E. (2005) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608305x52586 · Cited by 98
Involuntarily childless men and the desire for fatherhood
Hadley, R., & Hanley, T. (2011) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2010.544294 · Cited by 85
“This enabled the researcher to use emergent themes to provide focus for each subsequent interview (McLeod, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAnalyzing Talk in Qualitative Inquiry: Exploring Possibilities, Problems, and Tensions
Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (2005) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2005.10491854 · Cited by 83
Information sharing in interteam responses to disaster
Waring, S., Alison, L. J., Carter, G., Barrett-Pink, C., Humann, M., Swan, L., & Zilinsky, T. (2018) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12217 · Cited by 83
“Data units and categories were then organized into broader themes based on commonalities in content, creating larger data segments (McLeod, 2001).”
BackgroundCranston, J. A. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy · Cited by 75
Counselor Educators and Qualitative Research: Affirming a Research Identity
Reisetter, M., Korcuska, J. S., Yexley, M., Bonds, D., Nikels, H. J., & McHenry, W. (2004) · Counselor Education and Supervision · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2004.tb01856.x · Cited by 75
Prejudice Events and Traumatic Stress among Heterosexuals and Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals
Alessi, E. J., Martin, J. I., Gyamerah, A. O., & Meyer, I. H. (2013) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.785455 · Cited by 75
Midgley, N. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00754170600780273 · Cited by 75
“…among those focussing on outcome and evidence-based practice, there has been increasing dissatisfaction with a sole reliance on this approach (McLeod, 2001).6 As a consequence of this, there has been something of a renaissance of case study approaches within social science research,…”
BackgroundBinder, P., Holgersen, H., & Nielsen, G. H. (2009) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140902898088 · Cited by 74
Conversational Evidence in Therapeutic Dialogue
Strong, T., Busch, R., & Couture, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00079.x · Cited by 74
Rober, P., Elliott, R., Buysse, A., Loots, G., & Corte, K. D. (2008) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00080.x · Cited by 76
Helper therapy in an online suicide prevention community
Greidanus, E., & Everall, R. D. (2010) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069881003600991 · Cited by 72
In their own words: The experience of mothering as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse
Wright, M. O., Fopma-Loy, J., & Oberle, K. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000144 · Cited by 75
Immersive Simulated Learning Environments for Researching Critical Incidents
Alison, L. J., van den Heuvel, C., Waring, S., Power, N., Long, A., O’Hara, T., & Crego, J. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making · doi:10.1177/1555343412468113 · Cited by 75
“…settings, it is possible to use these data for theory and model building by utilizing qualitative bottom-up processing (e.g., thematic analysis), whereby logs are analyzed and coded and then worked forward into new or recognized theories of decision making (McLeod, 2001; Reader et al., 2006).”
MethodTighe, A., Pistrang, N., Casdagli, L., Baruch, G., & Butler, S. (2012) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027120 · Cited by 76
Relational Trust: The Glue that Binds a Professional Learning Community
Cranston, J. A. (2011) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/ajer.v57i1.55455 · Cited by 68
Experiences of partners of people in the early stages of multiple sclerosis
Bogosian, A., Moss-Morris, R. E., Yardley, L., & Dennison, L. (2009) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458508100048 · Cited by 66
Keeling, J. J., & van Wormer, K. (2011) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcr137 · Cited by 76
Veronese, G., Pepe, A., Jaradah, A., Murannak, F., & Hamdouna, H. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.027 · Cited by 64
Balmforth, J. (2009) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069880902956942 · Cited by 63
The Influence of Counselor Epistemology on the Helping Interview: A Qualitative Study
McAuliffe, G. J., & Lovell, C. W. (2006) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00410.x · Cited by 64
Westra, H. A., Aviram, A., Barnes, M. E., & Angus, L. E. (2010) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503301003657395 · Cited by 61
A qualitative study of mental health nurse identities: Many roles, one profession
Hurley, J. (2009) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2009.00625.x · Cited by 62
What Helps Couples Rebuild Their Relationship After Infidelity?
Abrahamson, I., Hussain, R., Khan, A., & Schofield, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x11424257 · Cited by 61
“A narrative approach to interviewing and analysis was thus adopted to investigate the storied experiences of living and coping with infidelity using the informant’s own voice (McLeod, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodCountertransference as object of empirical research?
Kächele, H. U., Erhardt, I., Seybert, C., & Buchholz, M. B. (2013) · International Forum of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/0803706x.2012.737933 · Cited by 58
Cocklin, A. A., Mansell, W., Emsley, R., McEvoy, P., Preston, C., Comiskey, J., & Tai, S. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465817000273 · Cited by 59
“Although segments of change over a shorter time period have been analysed using IPR, change was rarely studied over the course of a whole session, due to the intensive nature of the analysis.”
MethodUnderstanding the online therapeutic alliance through the eyes of adolescent service users
Hanley, T. (2011) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2011.560273 · Cited by 60
Katsakou, C., & Pistrang, N. (2017) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1277040 · Cited by 70
“Future qualitative research in this area should be guided by the methodological literature on psychotherapy process research (e.g., Elliott, 2010; McLeod, 2011).”
MethodTimulák, L. (2003) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1093/ptr/kpg043 · Cited by 56
“Their approach also relied generally on qualitative procedures, methods that are sometimes criticized for lack of follow-up or replication studies (McLeod, 2001).”
MethodThe Practice of Interventive Polygamy in Two Regions of Africa: Background, Theory and Techniques
Nwoye, A. (2007) · Dialectical Anthropology · doi:10.1007/s10624-008-9036-y · Cited by 57
Digital transformation in supply chains: Current applications, contributions and challenges
Özkanlısoy, Ö., & Akkartal, E. (2021) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v9i1.1673 · Cited by 65
“Since quantitative research does not generally reflect the targeted result in qualitative research, answers to research questions have been sought by the basic methodology on which the research is based (Denzin, 1994, p. 15; Mcleod, 2011, p. 279).”
Background“So what am I?” — Multiple perspectives on young people's experience of leaving care
Hiles, D., Moss, D., Thorne, L., Wright, J., & Dallos, R. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.007 · Cited by 55
Priest, P. (2006) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105307071734 · Cited by 63
Qualitative Inquiries in Music Therapy
Bonde, L. O. (2007) · Cited by 54
Quality of life in schizophrenia: a grounded theory approach.
Gee, L., Pearce, E., & Jackson, M. C. (2003) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-31 · Cited by 57
Client Accounts of Hope in Early Counseling Sessions: A Qualitative Study
Larsen, D. J., & Stege, R. (2012) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00007.x · Cited by 51
Qualitative psychotherapy research: The journey so far and future directions.
Levitt, H. M. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0037076 · Cited by 73
Krause, K. R., Midgley, N., Edbrooke-Childs, J. H., & Wolpert, M. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01648-8 · Cited by 54
“Next to a need for broader and more personalized outcome measurement, qualitative research provides an important avenue for future inquiries about treatment outcome in adolescent depression [16].”
BackgroundInfluentialQualitative research and outcomes in health, social work and education
SHAW, I. F. (2003) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/146879410300300103 · Cited by 51
Smet, M. M. D., Meganck, R., Nieuwenhove, K. V., Truijens, F. L., & Desmet, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00588 · Cited by 49
“In general, we argue that further research investigating the complex phenomena of outcome and therapy effects should aim at an integration of multiple methods as well as perspectives to grasp the wider picture (McLeod, 2011).”
BackgroundFrost, N. A., Holt, A., Shinebourne, P., Esin, C., Nolas, S., Mehdizadeh, L., & Brooks‐Gordon, B. (2011) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2010.500351 · Cited by 65
Anglo-North American qualitative counseling and psychotherapy research
Rennie, D. L. (2004) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1093/ptr/kph003 · Cited by 48
Georgaca, E., & Avdi, E. (2009) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780880802146896 · Cited by 50
McLeod, J. (2001) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140112331385100 · Cited by 48
Self-citationReynolds, F. A. (2004) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1601_8 · Cited by 49
“As McLeod (2001) argues: Qualitative inquiry offers a set of flexible and sensitive methods for opening up the meanings of areas of social life that were previously not well understood.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- McLeod, J.
- Corresponding author
- McLeod, John
- Venue
- SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications Ltd
- Published
- 2001
- OpenAlex
- W1505468096
- Cited by
- 1,166
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 50.20
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Keywords
- qualitative research, counseling, psychotherapy, hermeneutics, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, narrative analysis, bricolage, outcomes research
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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