Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment Of Bt-expressing cowpea in Africa: Report of the deliberations of an expert panel
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata spp unguiculata) is adapted to the drier agro-ecological zones of West Africa where it is a major source of dietary protein and widely used as a fodder crop. Improving the productivity of cowpea can enhance food availability and security in West Africa. Insect predation--predominately from the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata), flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) and a complex of pod-sucking bugs (e.g., Clavigralla spp)--is a major yield-limiting factor in West African cowpea production. Dramatic increases in yield are shown when M. vitrata is controlled with insecticides. However, availability, costs, and safety considerations limit pesticides as a viable option for boosting cowpea production. Development of Bt-cowpea through genetic modification (GM) to control the legume pod borer is a promising approach to cowpea improvement. Cowpea expressing the lepidopteran-active Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis is being developed as a first generation Bt-cowpea crop for West Africa. Appropriate stewardship of Bt-cowpea to assure its sustainability under West African conditions is critical to its successful development. A first step in this process is an environmental risk assessment to determine the likelihood and magnitude of adverse effects of the Cry1Ab protein on key environmental protection goals in West Africa. Here we describe the results of an expert panel convened in 2009 to develop the problem formulation phase for Bt-cowpea and to address specific issues around gene flow, non-target arthropods, and insect resistance management.
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Cowpea contains Cry1Ab to protect the plant from damage by Maruca testulalis.
“Another example is that of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp.unguiculata) that contains Cry1Ab to protect the plant from damage by Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Ba et al., 2018;Huesing et al., 2011;Mohammed et al., 2014).”
From Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control (2019) · cites this paper as Huesing et al., 2011
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Transforming the cowpea, an African orphan staple crop grown predominantly by women
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Traore, F., Ba, M. N., Dabiré-Binso, C. L., Sanon, A., & Pittendrigh, B. R. (2014) · Arthropod-Plant Interactions · doi:10.1007/s11829-014-9297-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Sadekuzzaman, M., Kim, M., Kim, K., Park, Y., & Jung, J. K. (2016) · Korean journal of applied entomology · doi:10.5656/ksae.2016.06.0.024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pak, J. H., Oh, J. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, M. J., Choi, H., Jung, H. W., Kang, K. H., Jeong, J. U., & Chung, Y. S. (2013) · Plant Breeding and Biotechnology · doi:10.9787/pbb.2013.1.2.122 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effect of NPK (23-10-5) on Nodulation in Two Cowpea Varieties (Asontem and Asetenapa)
Boampong, E., Yakubu, E. A., Owusu-Osafo, K., Darkwa, A. A., & Dorgbetor, W. H. K. (2017) · Journals & Books Hosting (International Knowledge Sharing Platform)
OECD (2016) · Harmonisation of regulatory oversight in biotechnology · doi:10.1787/9789264253421-2-en
Souna, D. A. (2018) · doi:10.70675/b381ab97zcc55z452azaff6zc736369af439
- Authors
- Huesing, J. E., Romeis, J., Ellstrand, N. C., Raybould, A., Hellmich, R. L., Wolt, J. D., Ehlers, J. D., Dabiré-Binso, L. C., Fatokun, C. A., Hokanson, K. E., Ishiyaku, M. F., Margam, V. M., Obokoh, N., Mignouna, J. D., Nang'ayo, F., Ouedraogo, J. T., Pasquet, R. S., Pittendrigh, B. R., Schaal, B. A., Stein, J., Tamò, M., & Murdock, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Syngenta (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Iowa State University (US)
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé; INERA; Burkina Faso
- CGIAR (FR)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Institute for Agricultural Research (NG)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- African Agricultural Technology Foundation (KE)
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles (BF)
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (KE)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (US)
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (BJ)
- ORCID
- Venue
- GM Crops
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-224
- ISSN
- 1938-1999 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2006
- OpenAlex
- W2020792050
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- GM Crops (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Keywords
- cowpea, Cry1Ab toxin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Maruca vitrata, legume pod borer, environmental risk assessment, gene flow, non-target arthropods, insect resistance management, West Africa, food security, problem formulation
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Africa, Western, Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Endotoxins, Environmental Monitoring, Hemolysin Proteins, Host-Parasite Interactions, Hybridization, Genetic, Insecta, Fabaceae, Pest Control, Biological, Plant Diseases, Gene Expression, Crops, Agricultural, Risk Assessment, Plants, Genetically Modified, Gene Flow
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