Regulating transgenic crops sensibly: Lessons from plant breeding, biotechnology and genomics
Abstract
The costs of meeting regulatory requirements and market restrictions guided by regulatory criteria are substantial impediments to the commercialization of transgenic crops. Although a cautious approach may have been prudent initially, we argue that some regulatory requirements can now be modified to reduce costs and uncertainty without compromising safety. Long-accepted plant breeding methods for incorporating new diversity into crop varieties, experience from two decades of research on and commercialization of transgenic crops, and expanding knowledge of plant genome structure and dynamics all indicate that if a gene or trait is safe, the genetic engineering process itself presents little potential for unexpected consequences that would not be identified or eliminated in the variety development process before commercialization. We propose that as in conventional breeding, regulatory emphasis should be on phenotypic rather than genomic characteristics once a gene or trait has been shown to be safe.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent developments may lead to a revaluation of the current rDNA process-based regulatory trigger for GE organisms to a more scientifically defensible product-based approach centered on the novelty and any unique risks associated with the phenotype of the product rather than the process used to accomplish the genetic modification.
“These developments may lead to a revaluation of the current rDNA process-based regulatory trigger for GE organisms to a more scientifically defensible product-based approach centered on the novelty and any unique risks associated with the phenotype of the product rather than the process used to accomplish the genetic modification (Bradford et al., 2005; McHughen, 2007).”
From Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations1 (2014) · cites this paper as Bradford et al., 2005
Cites
Genome-Wide Insertional Mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana
Alonso, J. M., Stepanova, A. N., Leisse, T. J., Kim, C. J., Chen, H., Shinn, P., Stevenson, D. K., Zimmerman, J., Barajas, P., Cheuk, R., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086391 · Cited by 5,105 · see citing works
Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species
Arumuganathan, K., & Earle, E. D. (1991) · Plant Molecular Biology Reporter · doi:10.1007/bf02672069 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Role of MicroRNAs in Plant and Animal Development
Carrington, J. C., & Ambros, V. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1085242 · Cited by 1,769 · see citing works
Nested Retrotransposons in the Intergenic Regions of the Maize Genome
SanMiguel, P. J., Tikhonov, A. P., Jin, Y., Motchoulskaia, N., Zakharov, D., Melake‐Berhan, A., Springer, P. S., Edwards, K. J., Lee, M., AVRAMOVA, Z. V., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5288.765 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Allopolyploidy-Induced Rapid Genome Evolution in the Wheat (Aegilops-Triticum) Group
Özkan, H., Levy, A. A., & Feldman, M. (2001) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.010082 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
CONTROL OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS IN PAPAYA: A Case Study
Gonsalves, D. (1998) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.415 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
The Genetic, Developmental, and Molecular Bases of Fruit Size and Shape Variation in Tomato
Tanksley, S. D. (2004) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.018119 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Assessment of the food safety issues related to genetically modified foods
Kuiper, H. A., Kleter, G. A., Noteborn, H. P. J. M., & Kok, E. J. (2001) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01119.x · Cited by 557 · see citing works
SNP frequency, haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium in elite maize inbred lines
Ching, A., Caldwell, K. S., Jung, M., Dolan, M., Smith, O. S., Tingey, S. V., Morgante, M., & Rafalski, A. J. (2002) · BMC Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2156-3-19 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Intraspecific violation of genetic colinearity and its implications in maize
Fu, H., & Dooner, H. K. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.132259199 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Young, N. D., & Tanksley, S. D. (1989) · Theoretical and Applied Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00305828 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Tissue culture-derived variation in crop improvement
Jain, S. M. (2001) · Euphytica · doi:10.1023/a:1004124519479 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Neyers, P., Shepherd, N. S., & Saedler, H. (1986) · Advances in botanical research · doi:10.1016/s0065-2296(08)60194-9 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
A Contiguous 66-kb Barley DNA Sequence Provides Evidence for Reversible Genome ExpansionPreprint
Shirasu, K., Schulman, A. H., Lahaye, T., & Schulze‐Lefert, P. (2000) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.10.7.908 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Dangerous liaisons?: when cultivated plants mate with their wild relatives
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-4658 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Mutation Breeding: Theory and Practical Applications
Harten, A. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Schubert, D. S. P., Lechtenberg, B., Forsbach, A., Gils, M., Bahadur, S., & Schmidt, R. (2004) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.104.024547 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Gene expression of a gene family in maize based on noncollinear haplotypes
Song, R., & Messing, J. W. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1032999100 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Mutation Breeding: Theory and Practical Applications
Bingham, E. T. (1999) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183x003900030042x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Generating high-yielding varieties by genetic manipulation of plant architecture
Sakamoto, T., & Matsuoka, M. (2004) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2004.02.003 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants
Downey, R. K. (2003) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.4470 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Genetically modified pest-protected plants: science and regulation
Dupuis, J.-M. (2002) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(01)00575-1 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Dangerous Liaisons—When Cultivated Plants Mate with their Wild Relatives
Gressel, J. (2004) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.02.020 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
The utility of green fluorescent protein in transgenic plants
Stewart, C. N. (2001) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s002990100346 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
V IRAL S EQUENCES I NTEGRATED INTO P LANT G ENOMES
Harper, G., Hull, R., Lockhart, B. E. L., & Olszewski, N. E. (2002) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.120301.105642 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
A complex history of rearrangement in an orthologous region of the maize, sorghum, and rice genomes
Ilic, K., SanMiguel, P. J., & Bennetzen, J. L. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1434476100 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods. Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects
Skovgaard, N. (2005) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.01.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Mosaic Organization of Orthologous Sequences in Grass GenomesPreprint
Song, R., Llaca, V., & Messing, J. W. (2002) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.268302 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Safety Assessment of the Neomycin Phosphotransferase II (NPTII) Protein
Fuchs, R. L., Ream, J. E., Hammond, B. G., Naylor, M. W., Leimgruber, R. M., & Berberich, S. A. (1993) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1293-1543 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Detection of Intraspecific DNA Content Variation inZea maysL. by Flow Cytometry
Rayburn, A. L., Auger, J., Benzinger, E., & Hepburn, A. G. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/40.11.1179 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Selectable Marker Genes: Safe For Plants?
Flavell, R. B., Dart, E., Fuchs, R. L., & Fraley, R. T. (1992) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0292-141 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Ho, J., Weide, R., Helen, M., van Wordragen, M. F., Lambert, K. N., Koornneef, M., Zabel, P., & Williamson, V. M. (1992) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1992.t01-8-00999.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Golden Indica and Japonica Rice Lines Amenable to Deregulation
Hoa, T. T. C., Al‐Babili, S., Schaub, P., Potrykus, I., & Beyer, P. (2003) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.103.023457 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Biological Confinement of Genetically Engineered Organisms
National Research Council (2004) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/10880 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Bennett, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkh087 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Redenbaugh, K. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Codex guidelines for GM foods include the analysis of unintended effects
Haslberger, A. G. (2003) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0703-739 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Genomics, Genetic Engineering, and Domestication of Crops
Strauss, S. H. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079514 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationSafety Assessment of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Orally Administered to Weaned Rats
Richards, H. A., Han, T., Hopkins, R. G., Failla, M. L., Ward, W. W., & Stewart, C. N. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.6.1909 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Relationship between genome size and maturity group in soybean
Graham, M. J., Nickell, C. D., & Rayburn, A. L. (1994) · Theoretical and Applied Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00223656 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hardwick, N. V., DAVIES, J. M. L., & Wright, D. M. (1994) · Plant Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01656.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cauliflower Mosaic Viral Promoter - A Recipe for Disaster?
Ho, M., Ryan, A., & Cummins, J. (1999) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v11i4.7918 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mendel in the kitchen: a scientist's view of genetically modified foods
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-4632 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Review: Biosafety of E. coli β-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants
Gilissen, L. J. W., Metz, P. L. J., Stiekema, W. J., & Nap, J. (1998) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1023/a:1008832711805 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Frankenfood myth: how protest and politics threaten the biotech revolution
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-3989 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Despite benefits, commercialization of transgenic horticultural crops lags
Clark, D. G., Klee, H. J., & Dandekar, A. M. (2004) · California Agriculture · doi:10.3733/ca.v058n02p89 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Plant Transposable Elements. A Hard Act to Follow
Wessler, S. R. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.1.149 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mendel in the Kitchen: A Scientist's View of Genetically Modified Foods
Arvanitoyannis, I. S. (2005) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01097.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Regulatory challenges reduce opportunities for horticultural biotechnology
Redenbaugh, K., & McHughen, A. (2004) · California Agriculture · doi:10.3733/ca.v058n02p106 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sustaining agbiotechnology through lean times
McElroy, D. (2003) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0903-996 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Access to intellectual property is a major obstacle to developing transgenic horticultural crops
Graff, G. D., Wright, B. D., Bennett, A. B., & Zilberman, D. (2004) · California Agriculture · doi:10.3733/ca.v058n02p120 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A model protocol to assess the risks of agricultural introductions
Barton, J. H., Crandon, J., Kennedy, D., & Miller, H. I. (1997) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0997-845 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Consumer knowledge and acceptance of agricultural biotechnology vary
James, J. S. (2004) · California Agriculture · doi:10.3733/ca.v058n02p99 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hoare, C. A. R. (2000) · LISP and Symbolic Computation · doi:10.1023/a:1010053724918 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mendel in the Kitchen: A Scientist's View of Genetically Modified Foods
Rajcan, I. (2005) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.0007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Scientists avert new GMO crisis
Hodgson, J. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/71838 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Genome plasticity during seed germination in Festuca arundinacea
Ceccarelli, M., Giordani, T., Natali, L., Cavallini, A., & Cionini, P. G. (1997) · Theoretical and Applied Genetics · doi:10.1007/s001220050416 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Frankenfood Myth: How Protest and Politics Threaten the Biotech Revolution
Burke, D. C. (2005) · Journal of Commercial Biotechnology · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jcb.3040117 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Regulating Biotechnology as though Gene Function Mattered
Strauss, S. H. (2003) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0453:rbatgf]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationCrop Biotechnology: Feeds for Livestock
Deynze, A. V., Bradford, K. J., & Eenennaam, A. L. V. (2004) · doi:10.3733/ucanr.8145 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAnother Look at Biotech RegulationPreprint
Kalaitzandonakes, N. (2004) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA inCapsicum annuum L.
Mukherjee, S., & Sharma, A. (1990) · Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A · doi:10.1007/bf03053461 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sidebar: Biotechnology expands pest-management options for horticulture
Gianessi, L. (2004) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.3733/ca.v058n02p94 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Variability of Organ-Specific Expression of Reporter Genes in Transgenic Plants
Landsmann, J., van der Hoeven, C., & Dietz‐Pfeilstetter, A. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61460-6_21 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Relative extrema of Legendre functions of the second kind
Askey, R. (1990) · Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A · doi:10.1007/bf02881108 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 67 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control
Romeis, J., Meissle, M., & Bigler, F. (2006) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1180 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods
Romeis, J., Bartsch, D. K., Bigler, F., Candolfi, M. P., Gielkens, M. M. C., Hartley, S. E., Hellmich, R. L., Huesing, J. E., JEPSON, P. C., Layton, R. J., et al. (2008) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1381 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
The economics of genetically modified crops
Qaim, M. (2009) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144203 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants
Schouten, H. J., Krens, F. A., & Jacobsen, E. (2006) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400769 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Deployment of new biotechnologies in plant breeding
Lusser, M., Parisi, C., Plan, D., & Rodríguez-Cerezo, E. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2142 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Advanced genetic tools for plant biotechnology
Liu, W., Yuan, J. S., & Stewart, C. N. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3583 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Compliance costs for regulatory approval of new biotech crops
Kalaitzandonakes, N., Alston, J. M., & Bradford, K. J. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0507-509 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetically modified plants and human health
Key, S., Ma, J. K.-C., & Drake, P. M. (2008) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.070372 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Genetically Engineered Plants and Foods: A Scientist's Analysis of the Issues (Part II)
Lemaux, P. G. (2009) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092013 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Plant breeding for harmony between agriculture and the environment
Brummer, E. C., Barber, W. T., Collier, S. M., Cox, T. S., Johnson, R. L., Murray, S. C., Olsen, R. T., Pratt, R. C., & Thro, A. M. (2011) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/100225 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Delmer, D. P. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505895102 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Unintended compositional changes in genetically modified (GM) crops: 20 years of research
Herman, R. A., & Price, W. D. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf400135r · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations1
Van Eenennaam, A. L., & Young, A. E. (2014) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2014-8124 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Herdt, R. W. (2006) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.31.031405.091314 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Crop biotechnology and the future of food
Steinwand, M. A., & Ronald, P. C. (2020) · Nature Food · doi:10.1038/s43016-020-0072-3 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Jauhar, P. P. (2006) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0223 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The function of UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants and their possible use in crop protection
Gharabli, H., Gala, V. D., & Welner, D. H. (2023) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108182 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Genetic modification in floriculture
Chandler, S., & Brugliera, F. (2010) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1007/s10529-010-0424-4 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Genetically modified crops: success, safety assessment, and public concern
Singh, O. V., Ghai, S., Paul, D., & Jain, R. K. (2006) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0449-8 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Genetic containment of forest plantations
Brunner, A. M., Li, J., DiFazio, S. P., Shevchenko, O., Montgomery, B. E., Mohamed, R., Wei, H., Ma, C., Elias, A. A., VanWormer, K., et al. (2007) · Tree Genetics & Genomes · doi:10.1007/s11295-006-0067-8 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationDo You See What I See? Examining the Epistemic Barriers to Sustainable Agriculture*
Carolan, M. (2006) · Rural Sociology · doi:10.1526/003601106777789756 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Park, J., Yoo, C. G., Flanagan, A., Pu, Y., Debnath, S., Ge, Y., Ragauskas, A. J., & Wang, Z. (2017) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0972-0 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Genetic engineering of wheat – current challenges and opportunities
Bhalla, P. L. (2006) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.04.008 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Sustainability of the Sugar Beet Crop
Stevanato, P., Chiodi, C., Broccanello, C., Concheri, G., Biancardi, E., Pavli, O. I., & Skaracis, G. N. (2019) · Sugar Tech · doi:10.1007/s12355-019-00734-9 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Status and market potential of transgenic biofortified crops
Steur, H. D., Blancquaert, D., Strobbe, S., Lambert, W. E., Gellynck, X., & Straeten, D. V. D. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3110 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Recent advances in genetic transformation of forage and turf grasses
Wang, Z., & Ge, Y. (2006) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant · doi:10.1079/ivp2005726 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Parrott, W. A., Chassy, B. M., Ligon, J., Meyer, L. S., Petrick, J. S., Zhou, J., Herman, R. A., Delaney, B., & Levine, M. J. (2010) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.017 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationSmart, R. D., Blum, M., & Wesseler, J. (2016) · Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12171 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Devos, Y., Maeseele, P. A., Reheul, D., Speybroeck, L. V., & Waele, D. D. (2007) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-007-9057-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Genomic and phenotypic analyses of six offspring of a genome-edited hornless bull
Young, A. E., Mansour, T. A., McNabb, B. R., Owen, J. R., Trott, J. F., Brown, C. T., & Eenennaam, A. L. V. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0266-0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Potrykus, I. (2010) · New Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2010.07.012 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Lamichhane, J. R., Devos, Y., Beckie, H. J., Owen, M. D. K., Tillie, P., Messéan, A., & Kudsk, P. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388551.2016.1180588 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Natural variation in crop composition and the impact of transgenesis
Harrigan, G. G., Lundry, D. R., Drury, S., Berman, K., Riordan, S. G., Nemeth, M. A., Ridley, W. P., & Glenn, K. C. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0510-402 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Genetically modified crops for the bioeconomy: meeting public and regulatory expectations
Chapotin, S. M., & Wolt, J. D. (2007) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-007-9122-y · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Is genetic engineering ever going to take off in forage, turf and bioenergy crop breeding?
Wang, Z., & Brummer, E. C. (2012) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcs027 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Genetic Modification in Floriculture
Chandler, S., & Tanaka, Y. (2007) · Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1080/07352680701429381 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Applications of Protein Engineering and Directed Evolution in Plant Research
Engqvist, M. K. M., & Rabe, K. S. (2019) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.18.01534 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Food safety risks and consumer health
Chassy, B. M. (2010) · New Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2010.05.018 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ectopic expression of a recessive resistance gene generates dominant potyvirus resistance in plants
Kang, B., Yeam, I., Li, J., Perez, K. W., & Jahn, M. (2007) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00262.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Monitoring the presence and expression of transgenes in living plants
Stewart, C. N. (2005) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.06.003 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Evaluating genetic containment strategies for transgenic plants
Lee, D., & Natesan, E. (2006) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.01.006 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement
Viéitez, A. M., Corredoira, E., Martínez, M. T., José, M. C. S., Sánchez, C., Valladares, S., Vidal, N., & Ballester, A. (2011) · European Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1007/s10342-011-0526-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A critical assessment of regulatory triggers for products of biotechnology: Product vs. process
McHughen, A. (2016) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2016.1228516 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Cisgenesis and Intragenesis: New tools For Improving Crops
Espinoza, C., Schlechter, R. O., Herrera, D. P., Torres, E. P., Serrano, A., Medina, C., & Arce‐Johnson, P. (2013) · Biological Research · doi:10.4067/s0716-97602013000400003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Estimating the cost of regulating genome edited crops: expert judgment and overconfidence
Lassoued, R., Phillips, P. W. B., Smyth, S. J., & Hesseln, H. (2019) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2019.1612689 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cisgenics - A Sustainable Approach for Crop Improvement
Telem, R. S., Wani, S. H., Singh, N. B., Nandini, R., Sadhukhan, R., Bhattacharya, S., & Mandal, N. (2013) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/13892029113146660013 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Metabolomics, metabolic diversity and genetic variation in crops
Harrigan, G. G., Martino‐Catt, S. J., & Glenn, K. C. (2007) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-007-0076-0 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Chassy, B. M., Hlywka, J. J., Kleter, G. A., Kok, E. J., Kuiper, H. A., McGloughlin, M. N., Munro, I. C., Phipps, R. H., Reid, J. E., Stein, J., et al. (2008) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00029_1.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Genetically engineered trees: Paralysis from good intentions
Strauss, S. H., Costanza, A., & Séguin, A. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aab0493 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationA risk-based approach to the regulation of genetically engineered organisms
Conko, G., Kershen, D. L., Miller, H. I., & Parrott, W. A. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3568 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationRevisions to USDA biotechnology regulations: The SECURE rule
Hoffman, N. E. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2004841118 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Coll, A., Nadal, A., Collado, R., Capellades, G., Kubista, M., Messeguer, J., & Pla, M. (2010) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-010-9624-5 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Genetically engineered crops that fly under the US regulatory radar
Camacho, A. B., Deynze, A. V., Chi‐Ham, C. L., & Bennett, A. B. (2014) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3057 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Biotechnology and the development of food markets: retrospect and prospects
Moschini, G. (2008) · European Review of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/erae/jbn014 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Intragenic Crop Improvement: Combining the Benefits of Traditional Breeding and Genetic Engineering
Rommens, C. M. T. (2007) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0706631 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Transgenic perennial biofuel feedstocks and strategies for bioconfinement
Kausch, A. P., Hague, J. P., Oliver, M. J., Li, Y., Daniell, H., Mascia, P. N., Watrud, L. S., & Stewart, C. N. (2010) · Biofuels · doi:10.4155/bfs.09.11 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Can –omics inform a food safety assessment?
Chassy, B. M. (2010) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.05.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Time for a New EU Regulatory Framework for GM Crops?
Zetterberg, C., & Björnberg, K. E. (2017) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-017-9664-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Coll, A., Nadal, A., Palaudelmàs, M., Messeguer, J., Melé, E., Puigdomènech, P., & Pla, M. (2008) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-008-9355-z · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ecological Risk Assessment and Regulation for Genetically-Modified Ornamental Plants
Auer, C. A. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1080/07352680802237162 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Bearth, A., Otten, C. D., & Cohen, A. S. (2024) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113982 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Golden Rice”, a GMO-product for public good, and the consequences of GE-regulation
Potrykus, I. (2012) · Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s13562-012-0130-5 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Montero, M., Coll, A., Nadal, A., Messeguer, J., & Pla, M. (2010) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00572.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Coll, A., Nadal, A., Collado, R., Capellades, G., Messeguer, J., Melé, E., Palaudelmàs, M., & Pla, M. (2009) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-009-9266-z · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Proposed U.S. regulation of gene-edited food animals is not fit for purpose
Eenennaam, A. L. V., Wells, K. D., & Murray, J. D. (2019) · npj Science of Food · doi:10.1038/s41538-019-0035-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Processes for regulating genetically modified and gene edited plants
Caradus, J. R. (2023) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2023.2252947 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Aldrighetti, L. A., Paganelli, M., Giacomelli, M., Villa, G., & Ferla, G. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Valuing product innovation: genetically engineered varieties in US corn and soybeans
Federico Ciliberto, A., Moschini, G., & Perry, E. (2019) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/1756-2171.12290 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A new window of opportunity to reject process-based biotechnology regulation
Marchant, G. E., & Stevens, Y. A. (2015) · GM crops & food · doi:10.1080/21645698.2015.1134406 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zilberman, D., Kaplan, S. M., Kim, E., Hochman, G., & Graff, G. D. (2013) · GM crops & food · doi:10.4161/gmcr.26981 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kuzma, J., Najmaie, P., & Larson, J. S. (2009) · The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics · doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00431.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hoekenga, O. A. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hitting the mark or falling short with nanotechnology regulation?
Ludlow, K., Bowman, D. M., & Kirk, D. D. (2009) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.07.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Transgenic crops, production risk and agrobiodiversity
Krishna, V. V., Qaim, M., & Zilberman, D. (2015) · European Review of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/erae/jbv012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Gourds: Bitter, Bottle, Wax, Snake, Sponge and Ridge
Dhillon, N. P. S., Sanguansil, S., Singh, S. P., Masud, M. A. T., Kumar, P., Bharathi, L. K., Yetışır, H., Huang, R., Canh, D. X., & McCreight, J. D. (2016) · Plant genetics and genomics: crops and models · doi:10.1007/7397_2016_24 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gene editing in tree and clonal crops: progress and challenges
Goralogia, G. S., Redick, T. P., & Strauss, S. H. (2021) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant · doi:10.1007/s11627-021-10197-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationSeeds: The Delivery System for Crop Science
TeKrony, D. M. (2006) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0445 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Accelerating wood domestication in forest trees through genome editing: Advances and prospects
Anders, C., Hoengenaert, L., & Boerjan, W. (2022) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102329 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Raybould, A. F., Higgins, L. S., Horak, M. J., Layton, R. J., Storer, N. P., de la Fuente, J. M., & Herman, R. A. (2011) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-011-9560-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Forests and genetically modified trees
Forestal, U. I. D. O. D. I. (2010) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Huesing, J. E., Romeis, J., Ellstrand, N. C., Raybould, A., Hellmich, R. L., Wolt, J. D., Ehlers, J. D., Dabiré-Binso, L. C., Fatokun, C. A., Hokanson, K. E., et al. (2011) · GM Crops · doi:10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18689 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pilacinski, W., Crawford, A., Downey, R. K., Harvey, B., Huber, S., Hunst, P., Lahman, L. K., Macintosh, S. C., Pohl, M., Rickard, C., et al. (2010) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Resistance is not Futile: It Shapes Insecticide Discovery
Hardy, M. C. (2014) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects5010227 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement: An Overview
Varshney, R. K., & Tuberosa, R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6295-7_1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Strauss, S. H., Kershen, D. L., Bouton, J. H., Redick, T. P., Tan, H., & Sedjo, R. A. (2010) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2010.60.9.10 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationBetts, S. D., Basu, S., Bolar, J., Booth, R., Chang, S., Cigan, A. M., Farrell, J., Gao, H., Harkins, K. R., Kinney, A. J., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01209 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
(2007) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00579.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Measurement of endogenous allergens in genetically modified soybeans – Short communication
Ladics, G. S., Budziszewski, G. J., Herman, R. A., Hérouet-Guicheney, C., Joshi, S. S., Lipscomb, E. A., McClain, S., & Ward, J. (2014) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Transgene stability and dispersal in forest trees
Ahuja, M. R. (2009) · Trees · doi:10.1007/s00468-009-0362-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Genomics Interventions in Crop Breeding for Sustainable Agriculture
Kulwal, P. L., Thudi, M., & Varshney, R. K. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_226393 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Metabolic Regulation of Carotenoid-Enriched Golden Rice Line
Gayen, D., Ghosh, S., Paul, S., Sarkar, S. N., Datta, S. K., & Datta, K. (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01622 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Stacking transgenic event DAS‐Ø15Ø7‐1 alters maize composition less than traditional breeding
Herman, R. A., Fast, B. J., Scherer, P. N., Brune, A. M., de Cerqueira, D. T. R., Schafer, B. W., Ekmay, R. D., Harrigan, G. G., & Bradfisch, G. A. (2017) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.12713 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Park, S., Park, S. H., Jeong, Y. J., Lee, S. B., Pyun, J. W., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, T. H., Kim, S. W., Jeong, J. C., & Kim, C. Y. (2019) · Plant Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11816-019-00585-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
'Cisgenic' as a product designation
Schubert, D., & Williams, D. S. (2006) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1106-1327 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The emergence of agbiogenerics
Jefferson, D. J., Graff, G. D., Chi‐Ham, C. L., & Bennett, A. B. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3306 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Genetically modified foods and allergy
Lee, T. H., Ho, M., & Leung, T. (2017) · Hong Kong Medical Journal · doi:10.12809/hkmj166189 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Economic issues to consider for gene drives
Mitchell, P. D., Brown, Z. S., & McRoberts, N. (2017) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2017.1407914 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pons, E., Peris, J. E., & Peña, L. (2012) · BMC Biotechnology · doi:10.1186/1472-6750-12-41 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
From patent law to regulation: the ontological gerrymandering of biotechnology
Carolan, M. (2008) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644010802421505 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Genome Elimination: Translating Basic Research into a Future Tool for Plant Breeding
Comai, L. (2014) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001876 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bradford, K. J., Van Deynze, A., Gutterson, N., Parrott, W., & Strauss, S. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Mendel Biotechnology (United States) (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strauss, Steven H
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 439-444
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2150788885
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 25.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- genetically modified crops, regulatory costs, plant breeding, genetic engineering safety
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Biotechnology, Breeding, Genetic Engineering, Crops, Agricultural, Genome, Plant, Genomics, Plants, Genetically Modified, Government Regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
